Based on Orientation and The Way to Test

Validity

(in testing) the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure, or can be used successfully for the purposes for which it is intended.

Language competence test

- Is a test that involves components of language such as vocabullary, grammar, and pronounciation

Performance language test

-Is a test that involve the basic skills in English that are writing, speaking, listening and reading.

Indirect testing

-Is a test that the process to elicit students competences does not use basic skills.

Direct testing

-Is a test that the process to elicit students competences uses basic skill, like speaking, writing, listening, or reading

Indirect Performance Test

-focus on measure the students skill in reading, writing, speaking, and listening that the elicitation does not use the basic skill. e.g. T. want to measure the Ss skill in listening. T. gives some picture and asks the Ss to arrange the pictures into correct order based on the story that they listen to.

Indirect Competence Test

-focus on to measure the students knowledge about language component, like grammar or vocabulary, which the elicitation does not use one of the basic skills, speaking, listening, reading, or writing. The elicitation in this test uses other ways, such as multiple choice. e.g. T. want to know about Ss grammar knowledge. T. gives a multiple choice test for the Ss to measure Ss knowledge in grammar.

Direct Competence Tests

-focus on to measure the students knowledge about language component, like grammar or vocabulary, which the elicitation uses one of the basic skills, speaking, listening, reading, or writing. e.g. T wants to know about Ss grammar knowledge. T. asks the Ss to write a letter to elicit Ss knowledge in grammar.

Direct Performance Test

-focus on to measure the students skill in reading, writing, speaking, and listening that the elicitation is through direct communication. e.g. T. want to know the Ss skill in writing, the T. asks the Ss to write a letter, or to write a short story.

Content validity

A type of validity that based is based on the extent to which a test adequately and sufficiently measures the particular skills or behaviour it sets out to measure.

Practicality

In determining this, one need to consider the relationship between the resources required for the design, construction, and administration of the test and the resources available for these activities

The mean

Is a group's average raw score. To calculate the mean of

Reliability

The consistency of the test result or measurement in different testing situation. To ensure reliability: First, taking enough samples of student behavior or work. Second, where appropriate there should be only one answer to a question or item.

Authenticity

The degree of correspondence between the characteristics of a given task to the features of a target language use task

Construct validity

The extend to which we can interpret a given test score as an indicator of the abilities we want to measure.

Measure of central tendency

The mean, The median, and the mode

Face validity

This very important because without it, a test may no t be accepted by students, teachers, or educational staff, and it may not be used. (in testing) the degree to which a test appears to measure the knowledge or abilities it claims to measure, based on the subjective judgement of an observer.

Intra-rater reliability

the degree to which an examiner or judge making subjective ratings of ability (e.g. of L2 speaking proficiency) gives the same evaluation of that ability when he or she makes an evaluation on two or more different occasions.

Inter-rater reliability

the degree to which different examiners or judges make different subjective ratings of ability agreed in their evaluation of that ability

Backwash effect

the positive or negative impact of a test on classroom teaching or learning.