BIO 1002 final

most fetuses can survive outside the womb after a minimum of _________ weeks

20

a human embryo is known as a fetus after

8 weeks

what is special about indirect development?

because they change form, they serve different roles in environment. many offspring produced

during the embryonic stage, a hollow ball of cells is known as

blastula

the metamorphosis of a caterpillar into a butterfly is an example of

indirect development

endoderm

inner layer. formation of lining of organs and systems

an incomplete flower

lacks one or more of the four basic floral parts

an onion bulb is made up of ________ that are specially adapted for food and water storage

leaves

a pollen grain is actually the

male gametophyte

Blastocyst

mammalian blastula in which some differentiation of cells has occurred.

organogenesis

master-switch genes. genetically directing how genes play a role in development

development

mechanism how an organism grows in complexity and organization

meiosis produces a ________, which eventually gives rise to an egg in an unfertilized seed

megaspore

__________ results in the production of spores in flowering plants

meiosis

plant cells that are actively dividing are _____ cells

meristem

what cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life?

meristem cells

your biceps muscle is derived from the

mesoderm

mesoderm

middle layer. contributes to digestive tract, skeleton and muscles, hair

colostrum

milk that is not mature yet, high in proteins, yellow in color

what type of cell activity occurs in the meristem regions of plants?

mitosis

which flower structure is not a modified leaf?

pollen

which of these hormones stimulates the production of milk?

prolactin

mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant

roots

which would you be unable to locate in xylem tissue?

sieve tube elements

blastopore

signifies beginning of gastrulation

the sporophyte produces

spores by meiosis

spores and gametes are both haploid reproductive cells. what is the difference between the two?

spores germinate and grow into a multicellular haploid gametophyte, and gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote

an oak tree is a

sporophyte

the sexual life cycle of plants is described as alternation of generations because it alternates between

sporophytes and gametophytes

what is not a major function of roots?

carrying out photosynthesis

apoptosis

cell death

the dermal tissue system consists of

epidermis

which of the following occurs in the placenta?

eroding blood vessels in the endometrium bathe chorionic villi in pools of maternal blood

T/F: the concentration of nutrients in plants is approximately the same as the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding soil

false

water flows upward in some xylem tubes and downward in others

false

the umbilical cord of a mammal connects the

fetus and the placenta

parenchyma tissue is a component of the _______ tissue system

ground

in the alternation of generations, what is formed when a spore germinates?

haploid stage called the gametophyte

a plant, such as an iris, that reproduces asexually most of the time, probably

has offspring that live in the same environment as the parents

where are apical meristems located?

at the tips of roots, shoots, and branches

as a morula, the embryo consists of

a cluster of cells that are much larger than normal cells

cleavage

a lot of cell division. CELL MASS DOES NOT CHANGE

in flowering plants, the sperm does not have to swim to the egg. the sperm reaches the eggs by

a pollen tube

which of the following is a result of gastrulation?

a three layer embryo

a flowering plant produces pollen in the

anther

flowers that make pollen, but not ovules, lack

carpels

cells that are alive, have thickened cell walls, and support the plant body are

collenchyma cells

which is incorrect of xylem tissues?

companion cells provide nutrition for tracheids

the first leaves produced by an embyro while still inside the seed are

cotyledons

parenchyma cells are located in all of the following structures except the

cuticle

the cells of an aging animal function less efficiently because

damaged DNA cannot be repaired

of the major tissue systems associated with land plants, the __________ tissue system covers the outer surface of the primary plant

dermal

the cells that line the inside of the blastopore become the

digestive tract

birds hatch out of their eggs looking like small versions of the adult. this is an example of

direct development

at which stage s the human embryo most susceptible to toxic substances?

during organogenesis

the nervous system forms from the

ectoderm

gastrulation

embryo develops into gastrula

why does direct development produce fewer offspring?

newborns tend to be larger, and they require a lot of energy and nourishment before and after birth

ectoderm

outer layer. responsible for nervous system, skin, hair

all of the following are included in the male parts of a flowers except

ovules (stamen, pollen, and anthers are)

most of the interior of a leaf consists of soft, living ________ cells

parenchyma

in the stems of plants, where is sugar converted to starch and stored as a food reserve?

parenchyma cells in both the cortex and pith

________ cells that convert sugar to starch in mature roots are part of the ________ tissue system

parenchyma, ground

________ are modified leaes that are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators

petals

what is the correct order of the tissues in a young dicot stem, from the center of the stem outward?

pith->xylem->vascular cambium->phloem->cortex->epidermis

why can't plants use N2 directly as a nutrient?

plants lack the enzymes necessary to convert N2 into NO3- or NH4+

sclerenchyma tissue does not store what?

sugars or starches

which of the following is a common function of stems, but not of roots?

support

Blastopore

the opening of the central cavity of an embryo in the early stage of development.

if a beaver eats the bark all the way around a tree trunk, why does the tree die?

the phloem is damaged, and the transport of sugars ceases

what is differentiation?

the process in which different cells develop into different cell types

grass flowers lack petals and sepals. which of the following statement is true?

they are incomplete flowers lacking one or more floral parts

as early as the _____ month, as the brain and spinal cord grow, the fetus can demonstrate movement and respond to stimuli

third

what are the results of double fertilization

triploid endosperm and diploid zygote

in humans fertilization occurs in the

uterine tube

conifers do not have flowers to attract pollinators. instead, fertilization occurs

via wind pollination

what diffuses from fetal blood to maternal blood in the placenta?

wastes

what type of environment is with direct development?

watery. helps with secreting wastes and gas exchange

which of the following statements is true?

when mature, the ovules will become seeds and the ovary will develop into a fruit

in humans, implantation occurs

when the zygote is a blastocyst