BIO 103 CH. 24-26

A chain of round bacteria would be called

cocci

Name the group that contains the organism Trypanosoma, which causes African sleeping sickness.

excavates or Trpanosoma

Bacteria may reproduce by

Binary Fission

. What causes Mad Cow Disease?

Caused by a genetic mutation within a gene called Prion Protein gene.

1. Heterokonts are characterized by having?

Flagella

Ancestors of ___________ represent an intermediate state in eukaryotic evolution when cells each had two haploid nuclei but fusion had not occurred.

glardiel

How does Penicillin work:

inhibits cell wall synthesis

___________ make up the base of the food web in aquatic ecosystems.

plankton

_______________ conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics

lysogenic

What is a virulent (lytic) phage?

the phage that causes lysis of the host. )it destroys the host)

In freshwater ciliates, special organelles called _______________ control water regulation.

Contractile Vacuoles

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as:

movement

The bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it?

Germinates

Symbiotic association in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is called:

Commensalism

Viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system. Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell by _______________.

plasmodemata

Members of this group are typically multicellular and have phycoerythrin and phycocyanin as their accessory photosynthetic pigments.

Brown Algea

How do retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses?

Each virion contains 2 complete copies of the single stranded RNA genome.

Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by _______________________.

Rigid Cell Wall

Name the three shapes of bacteria

Round (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus), spiral (spirochete)

How do viral proteins damage host cells?

They cause dramatic biochemical and structural changes to the cell

A virus that infects a bacterium is called a ____________.

bacteriophage

The commercially important unicellular protists that are used in filters, polishes, and other industrial processes are the:

diatoms

Members of alveolates are characterized by the presence of?

flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane

The 5 stages of a lytic infection are attachment, penetration, __________, assembly, and release

replication and synthesis

What am I? My mitochondria have disc-shaped cristae, and I am often used as indicators of organic pollution such as sewage in a lake or stream.

Euglenoid

Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls

Violet-Purple, Peptidoglycin

How do human viruses enter human cells?

Viruses attach to the host cells , and inject their DNA into the host cell

_________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions

Endospores

How do euglenoids reproduce?

asexually

Individuals in this group often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates.

dinoflagellates

Members of this group have both plant-like and animal-like characteristics, making classification difficult.

fungi

Members of phylum __________ typically move with one or more flagella.

protist

The specificity of viruses to different types of cells is due to _____ sites on the host cell

receptor

The symbiotic dinoflagellates, which live in the bodies of marine invertebrates such as mollusks, jellyfish, and corals, are called _______________.

zooxanthellae

Most protists are found in what type of environment?

Aquatic Environments, Moist Soil , Bodily fluids, and any other moist environments

when a cell reproduces by developing a bulge that enlarges and separates from the mother cell, it is reproducing by _________________

Asexual Reproduction or Budding

The protein coat of a virus is called the

Capsid

Viroids cause a variety of plant diseases and are composed only of ?

Capsids. SSRNA

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of a ___________________________.

Capsule or Slime Layer

Within Bacteria, small circles of DNA called ______________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome.

Plasmids

Mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a?

Prion

In Paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair like ____________.

cilia

The __________________ are zooflagellates that are very primitive and may give biologists clues as to the evolutionary relationships between the prokaryotes and the protists.

diplomads

1. Malaria is caused by an ____________________, which is carries to a host by a _____________.

parasite;mosquito

1. Green algae is thought to have given rise to which kingdom?

protista

What is a temperate bacteriophages:

upon entry to host thye can multiplylike the virulent phages and lyse the host cell, or they can remain in the host cell without destroying it

A ____ consists of a short segment of a nucleic acid with a protein coat:

virus

Backpackers' diarrhea, a common infection among campers and hikers, particularly in the mountains of the western United States, is caused by ___________.

giardia

Brown algae lack true roots, but have similar structures, called ____________, that anchor them to the substrate.

holdfasts