bio 2

What is the probability of getting all oranges after pulling the handle?

(1/3)9

If Herman's cancer began with a sporadic (newly acquired) mutation in the APC gene in a cell in his colon, what are the chances he will pass the mutation on to his child?

0%

If a mutagen reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after two cell divisions, how many of the four daughter cells are likely to have the DNA adduct?

1

Herman has developed colon cancer at a relatively young age (32), the same disease that killed his father. How likely is it that his sister Marisa will also develop colon cancer?

1%

How does smoking cause lung cancer?

Chemicals in tobacco can alter DNA

"All mutations in exons in genes lead to a loss of function in proteins."

Disagree

All mutations are caused by mutagens"

Disagree

In human populations, recessive traits always appear less frequently in the population than dominant ones.

Disagree

White is most likely

Dominant

Two sets of genetically identical twins marry. Each couple has one child. Assuming that there are no new mutations and that there is no meiotic crossover, what are the chances that these two children will be genetically identical?

25%

If a mutagen reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after two cell divisions, what percentage of the daughter cells are likely to have the DNA adduct?... After three divisions?

25%.. 12.5%

If a mutagen reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after TWO cell divisions, how many cells will there be??

4

A man affected with Huntington's disease (assume that he is heterozygous for the Huntington's allele) and his spouse (homozygous for the non-disease allele) have a child. What are the chances that the child will be affected?

50%

We don't know what APC mutation Herman's father had, but there are over 800 known mutations of APC that are associated with familial colon cancer! What is the maximum number of different alleles of APC Herman could carry in his genome?

50%

f Herman's cancer began with a mutation in the APC gene that he inherited from his father, what are the chances he will pass that mutation on to his child?

50%

If a mutagen reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after two cell divisions, what percentage of the daughter cells are likely to have a DNA mutation?... After three divisions?

50%......50%

What is the probability that the first lamb born will be black?

75%

What is the probability that the first three lambs born will be black?

75%

If a mutagen reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after THREE cell divisions, how many cells will there be??

8

How many genes do you think are encoded in the HPV genome?

9 genes

The HPV E6 gene encodes a protein that binds and inactivates a human protein, contributing to cancer. The function of this human protein is most likely to be

A transcription factor involved in the transcription of genes that are required to be turned on in order for programmed cell death (cell suicide) to occur

Does the appearance of cherries in the first slot affect the probability for getting a pear in the second slot?

No

The gene that encodes p53 is a tumor-suppressor gene. Mutations that disrupt p53:

Promote cell division

Any single mutation in a protein-coding gene that occurs during DNA replication prior to meiosis in Marisa's germ-line will lead to the production of a DEFECTIVE protein.

disagree

Which type of cells do you think are most likely to acquire mutations?

dividing cells

Choose the answer that best describes your response to the statement: "Peanut butter can cause cancer."

yes, under certain circumstances

What percentage of cancer-causing mutations do you think are inherited from one's parents?

10%

Which of the following mutations would you choose for your future child, and why?

Gain-of-function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene

Which cells contain the genetic information that will be passed on to the woman's children?

Gametes (eggs)

What's the probability in this organism that all the chromosomes in an egg would be red (from the egg producer's mother)?

1/2 10

You mate two Bl-1/Bl-2 heterozygous sheep and the mother has 4 lambs. What is the probability that none of the lambs is black?

1/256

What is the probability of getting cherries in the first slot after pulling the handle?

1/3

What is the probability of getting cherries in the first TWO slots after pulling the handle?

1/9

Which of my chromosomes are in a cell after meiosis?

All 46 chromosomes

If Herman inherited a predisposition to colon cancer from his father (a mutant allele of the APC gene, for example), which of his cells carry the mutation?

All the cells in his body

How does aflatoxin cause cancer? If aflatoxin can cause cancer, it probably does this by damaging:

DNA

In order for the p53 protein to do it's job as a transcription factor, it has to be able to bind...

DNA

Which of the following kinds of mutations in the coding region of a gene will always produce a different protein compared to the protein produced by the normal version of the gene?

Either a single-nucleotide deletion mutation or a single nucleotide insertion mutation

Which of the following is one way that the process of mitosis and meiosis are different?

In mitosis cell division is once, meiosis cell division is twice

f Herman's cancer began with a sporadic (newly acquired) mutation in the APC gene in a cell in his colon, which of his cells will carry that mutation?

Mainly his colon cells

Your friend was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Your friend's breast cancer cells most likely have.

Multiple DNA mutation, with at least one in the proto-oncogene and one in a tumor suppressor gene

Given what you have learned so far, normally functioning p53 most likely recruits RNA polymerase to transcribe genes that are involved in:

apoptosis, cell cycle arrest

Seed shape is another trait that Mendel studied. If you had to make a guess about the nature of the allele controlling the recessive trait, you would guess that:

it codes for a protein that is less active than the allele encoding the dominant trait

Does the protein encoded by the black gene produce black pigment?

no

A young woman develops breast cancer; the original mutation responsible for the cancer arose in a single cell. If she and her partner have children after the cancer diagnosis, which of the following is most likely to be true?

none

Which of the following statements about mutations that affect protein function is most accurate?

roughly half of mutation are loss if function and half are gain of function

What kind of cell is most likely to have acquired the first mutation?

somatic cells

Which of the following is generally true for alleles encoding recessive traits?

they are less common than allells encoding for dominant traits

HPV encodes two genes in its genome whose protein products bind and inactivate two different human proteins, leading to cancer. These human proteins are most likely to be encoded by...

tumor suppressor