BIO 201 Chapter 3 Worksheet

quabain is a poison that binds to the Na+/K+ pump in the cell membrane and inhibits its action. the expected result of this poison on secondary active transport is _______________

a loss of the ion concentration gradient that drives this process

which of the following is an example of antiport?

coupling of the inward movement of sodium ions with the outward movement of calcium ions

physiological saline is a solution containing 0.9% NaCl. a cell in 1.5% NaCl is in a(n) _____________ solution

hypertonic

An IV solution of 0.45% NaCl is ____________ and induces the movement of water __________

hypotonic; into cells

match each condition to its effect on diffusion rate by dragging each label into the appropriate box

increases rate of diffusion: - increased temperature - villi and microvilli in the intestinal epithelium - decreased molecular weight - increased synthesis of channel proteins - increased membrane surface area - increased membrane permeability - decreased cell height, creating a flatter cell decreases rate of diffusion: - decreased concentration gradient - approaching diffusional equilibrium - destruction of alveoli in the lungs due to emphysema

an individual displaying a larger than normal number of LDL receipts is ______________ likely to develop artheroscierosis

less

what are extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell's surface area called?

microvilli

simple diffusion is defined as the movement of _______________

molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

primary and secondary active transport proteins differ in that primary active transport proteins _____________

move both molecules against their gradients, while secondary active transport proteins couple the movement of an ion down its gradient with the movement of another molecule against its gradient

the Na+/K+ ATPase moves sodium in the _____________ direction compared with the direction it travels through sodium leakage channels

opposite

identify whether each method of membrane transport is passive or active by dragging the label to the correct box

passive: - diffusion - filtration - osmosis - movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration - movement down a concentration gradient active: - pinocytosis - vesicular transport - sodium-potassium pumps - movement up a concentration gradient - receptor-mediated endocytosis

phagocytosis and pinocytosis differ in that ______________

phagocytosis allows for the transport of larger particles than pinocytosis

click and drag each label into the correct category to indicate whether it pertains to the cytoplasm or the plasma membrane

plasma membrane: - surrounds the cell - contains ion channels - made of proteins and lipids - contacts the ECF cytoplasm: - fibers, tubules, passages, and compartments - cytoskeleton - ICF - organelles

the most specific type of endocytosis is ______________

receptor-mediated endocytosis

the sodium-iodide symporter plays a role in the accumulation of iodide in the thyroid gland. here, one iodide gets converted to one iodine, which is utilized for the formation of either of the two types of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are named after the number of iodines found in each of these hormones. To produce a single molecule of T3, a total of ______________ sodium ions must move down their concentration gradients by secondary active transport. The movement of iodide ions occurs in the _________________ direction as sodium ions.

six; same

sugars can be transported into cells against their concentration gradient because of _____________

symport with sodium ions

the directional movement of ions by facilitated diffusion through protein channels is determined by ________________

the electrochemical gradient of the ion being transported

which of the following is the most direct source of energy for cotransport?

the movement of one of the transported substances down its concentration gradient

place a single word into each sentence to make it correct, then place each sentence into a logical paragraph order

1. osmosis is the net flow of water from one side of a SELECTIVELY permeable membrane to the other 2. the normal movement of water across this membrane is from high to low WATER concentration 3. a high concentration of water has FEWER dissolved particles than a low water concentration 4.during osmosis, water will move DOWN its own concentration gradient until equilibrium has even reached

lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that arise from the _____________

Golgi complex

what is the function of the highlighted extension of the plasma membrane?

to increase the cell surface area and facilitate transport

what is the function of the highlighted (leader line) organelle?

to produce ATP via cellular respiration

what is the function of the highlighted (leader line) organelle?

to regulate transport and modify newly synthesized proteins

what is the function of the highlighted organelle?

to synthesize protein for secretion, insertion into the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes

both symport and antiport require transport proteins

true

lysosomes function in the destruction and recycling of old organelles

true

the enzymes found in lysosomes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum

true

changes in the membrane potential trigger the opening or closing of ______________

voltage-gated channels

mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds and transfer it to which of the following for use by the cell?

ATP

drag each label into the appropriate box in order to designate whether each indicated structure contacts the ICF, the ECF, or both

ECF: - glycocalyx - flagella - cilia both ECF and ICF: - integral protein - channel protein - phospholipid bilayer ICF: - mitochondria - endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes - nuclear membrane

determine from the description which cellular structure each phrase is describing. then click and drag each cellular structure into the correct category to indicate whether it is part of the cytoplasm or the cell membrane

cytoplasm: - membrane-enclosed enzymes used to hydrolyze cellular components - to organelle responsible for sorting and packaging proteins - the network of protein filaments and cylinders that structurally support the cell - the "powerhouse" of the cell - the clear, gelatinous component of the cell cell membrane: - proteins that willow ions to enter and leave the cell - extensions that serve primarily to increase the cell's surface area - hair-like processes that may function as antennae and/or aid in motility - proteins whose surfaces contact both the IDF and the ECF - the fuzzy coat made of glycolipids and glycoproteins

water you drink is absorbed into the blood from the digestive tract. an increase in water intake causes a(n) ___________ in the plasma osmolarity

decrease

a reduction in the number of glucose carrier proteins within the plasma membrane _____________ the rate of glucose diffusion

decreases

which membrane-bound organelle is the site of protein and lipid synthesis?

endoplasmic reticulum

cellular products such as hormones and neurotransmitters are released by the process of ______________

exocytosis

sample and facilitated diffusion differ because ______________

facilitated diffusion required the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, which sample diffusion does not

the ______________ determines if glucose moves into or out of the hepatocyte

glucose concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluid

the movement of water by osmosis is always from a _______________

high to low water concentration

some individuals have defective genes for LDL receptors rendering them nonfunctional. individuals with these mutations typically have ______________

higher than normal blood cholesterol levels due to inability to peripheral cells to uptake LDLs

the lysosome contains ______________ enzymes

hydrolytic

a cell placed into which solution will lose water by osmosis?

hypertonic