BIO 201 Chapter 3 Worksheet
quabain is a poison that binds to the Na+/K+ pump in the cell membrane and inhibits its action. the expected result of this poison on secondary active transport is _______________
a loss of the ion concentration gradient that drives this process
which of the following is an example of antiport?
coupling of the inward movement of sodium ions with the outward movement of calcium ions
physiological saline is a solution containing 0.9% NaCl. a cell in 1.5% NaCl is in a(n) _____________ solution
hypertonic
An IV solution of 0.45% NaCl is ____________ and induces the movement of water __________
hypotonic; into cells
match each condition to its effect on diffusion rate by dragging each label into the appropriate box
increases rate of diffusion: - increased temperature - villi and microvilli in the intestinal epithelium - decreased molecular weight - increased synthesis of channel proteins - increased membrane surface area - increased membrane permeability - decreased cell height, creating a flatter cell decreases rate of diffusion: - decreased concentration gradient - approaching diffusional equilibrium - destruction of alveoli in the lungs due to emphysema
an individual displaying a larger than normal number of LDL receipts is ______________ likely to develop artheroscierosis
less
what are extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell's surface area called?
microvilli
simple diffusion is defined as the movement of _______________
molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
primary and secondary active transport proteins differ in that primary active transport proteins _____________
move both molecules against their gradients, while secondary active transport proteins couple the movement of an ion down its gradient with the movement of another molecule against its gradient
the Na+/K+ ATPase moves sodium in the _____________ direction compared with the direction it travels through sodium leakage channels
opposite
identify whether each method of membrane transport is passive or active by dragging the label to the correct box
passive: - diffusion - filtration - osmosis - movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration - movement down a concentration gradient active: - pinocytosis - vesicular transport - sodium-potassium pumps - movement up a concentration gradient - receptor-mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis and pinocytosis differ in that ______________
phagocytosis allows for the transport of larger particles than pinocytosis
click and drag each label into the correct category to indicate whether it pertains to the cytoplasm or the plasma membrane
plasma membrane: - surrounds the cell - contains ion channels - made of proteins and lipids - contacts the ECF cytoplasm: - fibers, tubules, passages, and compartments - cytoskeleton - ICF - organelles
the most specific type of endocytosis is ______________
receptor-mediated endocytosis
the sodium-iodide symporter plays a role in the accumulation of iodide in the thyroid gland. here, one iodide gets converted to one iodine, which is utilized for the formation of either of the two types of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are named after the number of iodines found in each of these hormones. To produce a single molecule of T3, a total of ______________ sodium ions must move down their concentration gradients by secondary active transport. The movement of iodide ions occurs in the _________________ direction as sodium ions.
six; same
sugars can be transported into cells against their concentration gradient because of _____________
symport with sodium ions
the directional movement of ions by facilitated diffusion through protein channels is determined by ________________
the electrochemical gradient of the ion being transported
which of the following is the most direct source of energy for cotransport?
the movement of one of the transported substances down its concentration gradient
place a single word into each sentence to make it correct, then place each sentence into a logical paragraph order
1. osmosis is the net flow of water from one side of a SELECTIVELY permeable membrane to the other 2. the normal movement of water across this membrane is from high to low WATER concentration 3. a high concentration of water has FEWER dissolved particles than a low water concentration 4.during osmosis, water will move DOWN its own concentration gradient until equilibrium has even reached
lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that arise from the _____________
Golgi complex
what is the function of the highlighted extension of the plasma membrane?
to increase the cell surface area and facilitate transport
what is the function of the highlighted (leader line) organelle?
to produce ATP via cellular respiration
what is the function of the highlighted (leader line) organelle?
to regulate transport and modify newly synthesized proteins
what is the function of the highlighted organelle?
to synthesize protein for secretion, insertion into the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes
both symport and antiport require transport proteins
true
lysosomes function in the destruction and recycling of old organelles
true
the enzymes found in lysosomes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum
true
changes in the membrane potential trigger the opening or closing of ______________
voltage-gated channels
mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds and transfer it to which of the following for use by the cell?
ATP
drag each label into the appropriate box in order to designate whether each indicated structure contacts the ICF, the ECF, or both
ECF: - glycocalyx - flagella - cilia both ECF and ICF: - integral protein - channel protein - phospholipid bilayer ICF: - mitochondria - endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes - nuclear membrane
determine from the description which cellular structure each phrase is describing. then click and drag each cellular structure into the correct category to indicate whether it is part of the cytoplasm or the cell membrane
cytoplasm: - membrane-enclosed enzymes used to hydrolyze cellular components - to organelle responsible for sorting and packaging proteins - the network of protein filaments and cylinders that structurally support the cell - the "powerhouse" of the cell - the clear, gelatinous component of the cell cell membrane: - proteins that willow ions to enter and leave the cell - extensions that serve primarily to increase the cell's surface area - hair-like processes that may function as antennae and/or aid in motility - proteins whose surfaces contact both the IDF and the ECF - the fuzzy coat made of glycolipids and glycoproteins
water you drink is absorbed into the blood from the digestive tract. an increase in water intake causes a(n) ___________ in the plasma osmolarity
decrease
a reduction in the number of glucose carrier proteins within the plasma membrane _____________ the rate of glucose diffusion
decreases
which membrane-bound organelle is the site of protein and lipid synthesis?
endoplasmic reticulum
cellular products such as hormones and neurotransmitters are released by the process of ______________
exocytosis
sample and facilitated diffusion differ because ______________
facilitated diffusion required the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, which sample diffusion does not
the ______________ determines if glucose moves into or out of the hepatocyte
glucose concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluid
the movement of water by osmosis is always from a _______________
high to low water concentration
some individuals have defective genes for LDL receptors rendering them nonfunctional. individuals with these mutations typically have ______________
higher than normal blood cholesterol levels due to inability to peripheral cells to uptake LDLs
the lysosome contains ______________ enzymes
hydrolytic
a cell placed into which solution will lose water by osmosis?
hypertonic