BIO 222 Mastering for Exam 1 - Senses and Endocrine

Cyclic AMP is degraded by

phosphodiesterase

Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to

plasma membrane receptors

The chain of ossicles begins at the ? and ends at the ?

tympanic membrane, oval window

Why is there a synaptic delay in gustatory receptors that is not seen in olfactory receptors?

Gustatory receptors have a separate receptor cell and sensory neuron

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gustatory receptors?

A taste receptor for salt chemicals acts differently from a taste receptor for sweet chemicals

What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland?

ACTH

What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?

ADH

In glaucoma, increasing pressure due to fluid build-up in the chambers of the eye can lead to nerve damage and ultimately blindness. What is the name of the fluid in the anterior chamber?

Aqueous humor

During motion sickness, the brain receives conflicting signals regarding one's placement in space. which of the following structures is LEAST likely to be involved in motion sickness?

Cochlear duct

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."

Cushing's disease

What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?

Control secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone

In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?

Decreased insulin secretion

Effects of intracellular hormone binding

Diffuse through membrane lipids Binding of hormone to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors Binding of hormone-receptor complex to DNA Gene activation Transcription and mRNA production Translation and protein synthesis Alteration of cellular structure or activity (Target cell response)

Relative movement of the ? in the semicircular ducts signals rotation of the head

Endolymph

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones?

GH

Diabetic retinopathy develops because abnormal blood vessels grow into the space adjacent to the neural layer of the retina, causing cellular damage and ultimately blindness. Which of the following cells form the deepest layer of the neural layer of the retina?

Ganglionic cells

what is the function of the area in the ear indicated by the arrow?

Generates nerve impulses when the head rotates

Which of the following are symptoms of pheochromocytoma

Heart palpatations

How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?

Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells

Where is ADH (vasopressin) synthesized?

Hypothalamus

Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum?

IP3

What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?

Negative feedback

What would result from an invasion of microorganisms in the area indicated by the arrow?

Otitis media

Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine "letdown" reflex

Oxytocin

Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone?

Phosphodiesterase

What is the role of activated protein kinases?

Phosphorylate proteins

Along which of the following will nerve impulses from the far left visual field travel?

Right lateral geniculate nucleus

Drag the labels to arrange the steps of reception and transduction of sound energy in the correct order

Sound waves arrive at the tympanic membrane Movement of the tympanic membrane displaces the auditory ossicles Movement of the stapes at the oval window produces pressure waves in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli The pressure waves distort the basilar membrane on their way to the round window of the scala tympani Vibration of the basilar membrane causes vibration of hair cells against the tectorial membrane Information about the region and the intensity of stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochlear nerve

An abnormally high level of which of the following will result in goiter?

TSH

Propylthiouracil injections resulted in goiter formation in ?

The normal rat

Which rat(s) was euthyroid without any injections?

The normal rat

Why did the TSH have NO effect on the BMR of the thyroidectomized rat?

The rat is missing its thyroid gland

When an olfactory receptor is stimulated, what type of change must happen before it signals the brain that a change has occurred?

The receptor must produce a generator potential

Which of the following responses do not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range, such as after eating a meal?

There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue

Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor?

Tyrosine kinase receptors

What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?

Water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine

Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins?

activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP

The amplification of the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in

cAMP in the cytoplasm

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?

epinephrine

The receptors responsible for auditory sensations are located in a structure called the

spiral organ

The injection of TSH resulted in goiter in ?

the normal rat and the hypophysectomized

Which of these is NOT a division of the bony labyrinth?

utricle

The axons that carry the sense of balance synapse first in the ?

vestibular nucleus

Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?

β receptors