BIO EXAM 2 (CH. 6)

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The cellular process of synthesizing large molecules from smaller ones is defined as

anabolism

The active site of an enzyme is the region that

binds substrates for the enzyme

The cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones is defined as

catabolism

Why might a severe fever result in death if its is not brought under control

it may alter the tertiary and quaternary structures of cellular enzymes

Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because

their enzymes have high optimal temperatures

What is a substrate

A molecule upon which an enzyme reacts

Which one is an example of an anabolic pathway

A set of reactions that combine monomers into larger, more energy-rich polymers.

Which statements best describes the critical role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism

ATP serves as an energy shuttle in the cell, coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions

In most exergonic reactions, before products can be formed, the reactants must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the

Activation energy of the reaction

In addition to its critical role in cellular metabolism, ATP may also be described as which of the following ?

An RNA molecule

A noncompetative inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzymatic reaction by

Changing the shape of the enzyme active site by binding to allosteric site

Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is required in the active site of the enzyme carboxyoeotidase for the enzyme to function properly. The zinc most likely functions as an

Contractor necessary for enzyme activity

Which of the following reactions tend to require an input of energy

Dehydration reactions or endergonic reactions

What is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Which statement regarding enzymes is true (related to activation energy)

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier

What is the example of an exergonic reaction

Hydrolysis of glycogen to release glucose monomers

Which reactions release energy

Hydrolysis reactions or exergonic reactions

Under a particular conditions in the lab, the enzyme in a chemical reaction is saturated. Which alterations to the reaction will increase the rate at which substrate is converted to product

Increasing the amount of enzyme in the reaction

Hydrolysis of ATP releases energy, which ultimately results in the production of ADP and inorganic phosphate. What generally happens to the inorganic phosphate produced in the cytosol

It is combined with ADP to regenerate ATP.

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is performed by an organism, what happens to the heat that is generated ?

It is released to the environment.

A mutation that alters a single amino acid in a region of the enzyme outside of the active site may result in which of the consequences

It may alter an allosteric site on the enzyme

A mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of an enzyme nay have which of the consequences

It may change the substrate specifically of the enzyme

Which one is the most comprehensive definition of metabolism in living organisms

Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism

Which statement best describes the induced fit model of enzyme activity

The binding of substrate changes the conformation of the active site to bind substrate more tightly

Which of the following descriptions would be an example of potential energy

The chemical bonds in a molecule of sucrose

Which statement about enzyme-catalyzed reactions is true ?

The rate of the reaction is greater than when the same reaction occurs in the absence of an enzyme.

Which statement is true for all exergonic reactions

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy

Anabolic pathways share which characteristics

They consume energy to synthesize polymers from monomers

What is an Enzyme

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.


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