bio m
ROM for hip extension
10-15
ROM for knee flexion
130-140
ROM for shoulder flexion
160 - 180
how many degrees of freedom does the radiohumeral joint have
2
how many degrees of freedom does the tibofemoral joint have
2
ROM for ankle dorsiflexion
20 degrees
how many vertebrae are there in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region
7 12 5
ROM for internal shoulder rotation
70 - 90
be able to label length tension relationship graph
:) your going to get a A++++++
What is a pennate muscle?
A muscle with fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, creating a featherlike arrangement.
what ligaments are injured in a inversion ankle sprain
Anterior Talofibular Ligament Calcaneofibular Ligament Posterior Talofibular Ligament
The A.V. Hill model has three components that act together to describe the behavior of whole muscle. Where is the series elastic component (SEC) of a muscle found?
CC- contractile SEC- series elastic PEC- parallel elastic
afferent neurons
Nerve cells that carry impulses towards the central nervous system
efferent neurons
Nerve cells that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system
what type of force damages the MCL of the knee
Valgus force
what position is the shoulder in for dislocation
abducted and externally rotated
Bone is anisotropic material which means
anisotropic is the direction of the force applied. this means bones can resist force depending on the direction the force comes from
What ligament holds the radial head in place?
annular ligament
Talocural Inversion occurs around which axis
anterior posterior
the ACL resists what movement
anterior translation of tibia on the femur
What ligament prevents superior displacement of the clavicale but also attaches to the coracoid process
coracoclavicular
what are the two proposed mechanisms behind electromechanical delay
delay in calcium release and ACH the muscle is slack in a relaxed position
what ligament is damaged with an eneversion ankle sprain
deltoid ligaments
provide an example of a hinge joint
elbow
during goniometry we use the absolute reference system
false
in a pennate muscle, psychological and anatomical cross- sectional area are the same
false
biceps brachii movement
flexion
glenohumeral abduction occurs in which plane
frontal
Supraspinatus joint and action
glenohumeral and abduction
teres minor joint and action
glenohumeral and external rotation
subscapularis joint and action
glenohumeral and internal rotation
pectoralis major joint and action
glenohumeral x2 internal rotation and adduction
lats joint and action
glenohumeralx2 extension and adduction
provide an eample of a ball and socket joint
glenohummeral
SDL / RDL prime mover, antagonist, stabilizer
gluteus maximus quadriceps rectus abdominus
baseball pitch injury
hamate
in order to apply stress to a tissue we have to add energy to the system. with increasing stress, there is a deformation in that tissue, called strain. when the tissue returns to resting or normal length we do not get all of the energy back, that we put in. we lose energy in the form of what and its called what
heat and hysterisis
adductor magnus joint and action
illofemoral adduction
what are the characteristics of muscle
irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
when preforming PNF stretching we stimulate the GTO. why does stimulating the GTO causes an increase in ROM
it allows the muscle to be stretched then relaxed so that it can be stretched further when stimulated again
Anticular cartilage has no blood supply. explain how we maintain articular cartilidge by using full range of motion exercise.
it can be squeezed like a sponge which releases fluid from the joint. the fluid can be used as a lubericant and means the remaining stress can be expanded. articular cartilidge does not have nerves
teres major joint and action
joint - glenohumeral action - internal rotation
serratus anterior joint and action
joint -scapulothoracic action - protraction
with respect to the force velocity curve, what limits force production when velocity is maximal
lack of time for actin and myosin cross bridges to form
explain why inversion ankle sprains are more common than enversion ankle sprains
lateral ligaments are weaker and smaller then medial ligaments and the lateral malleolus is lower than medial
what position is most dangerous for invertebral disks
loaded while twisting and bending
glenohumeral external rotation occurs around which axis
longitudinal
what is commonly dislocated when punching an object
lunate
Close-packed position
maximum contact area minimum compression force moves through joint as if it was not there
tibofemoral flexion occurs around which axis
medial lateral
What nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?
median nerve
draw stress strain curve
mfmdmmdmdmd
biceps brachii orgien and insertion
orgin -scapula insertion - radius
provide an example pf a pivot joint
radioulnar
what ligament is stressed when you apply verus force to the humeral ulnar joint
raidoulnar
which abdominal trunk muscles are active with trunk flexion and rotation to the left
rectus abdominis Internal Obliques External Obliques
list the four quadricep muscles
rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis intermedialis
what motion does the anterior and inferior glenohumeral ligaments resist
rotation and anterior translation of humerus
illofemoral flexion occurs in which plane
saggital
what bone is under the snuff box
scaphoid
what calf muscle is being stretched when the knee is flexed
soleus
List the four rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
provide an example of a condyle joint
thumb
the posterior cruciate ligament resists what motion
translation of the tibia on the femur
illofemoral internal rotation occurs in which plane
transverse
errector spinae joint and action
trunk extension
rectus abdominis joint and action
trunk flexion
what is the mechanism of injury for a meniscus tear
twisting injury
stress applied in what direction damages the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow
valgus
what force is used for a MCL injury
valgus
what does it mean when we say that the tissue in the body have viscoelastic properties
viscoelastic is the speed and duration of the force applied which means tissues in the body can resist being injured by force depending on the speed of the force applied and the duration of it.