bio m

ROM for hip extension

10-15

ROM for knee flexion

130-140

ROM for shoulder flexion

160 - 180

how many degrees of freedom does the radiohumeral joint have

2

how many degrees of freedom does the tibofemoral joint have

2

ROM for ankle dorsiflexion

20 degrees

how many vertebrae are there in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region

7 12 5

ROM for internal shoulder rotation

70 - 90

be able to label length tension relationship graph

:) your going to get a A++++++

What is a pennate muscle?

A muscle with fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, creating a featherlike arrangement.

what ligaments are injured in a inversion ankle sprain

Anterior Talofibular Ligament Calcaneofibular Ligament Posterior Talofibular Ligament

The A.V. Hill model has three components that act together to describe the behavior of whole muscle. Where is the series elastic component (SEC) of a muscle found?

CC- contractile SEC- series elastic PEC- parallel elastic

afferent neurons

Nerve cells that carry impulses towards the central nervous system

efferent neurons

Nerve cells that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system

what type of force damages the MCL of the knee

Valgus force

what position is the shoulder in for dislocation

abducted and externally rotated

Bone is anisotropic material which means

anisotropic is the direction of the force applied. this means bones can resist force depending on the direction the force comes from

What ligament holds the radial head in place?

annular ligament

Talocural Inversion occurs around which axis

anterior posterior

the ACL resists what movement

anterior translation of tibia on the femur

What ligament prevents superior displacement of the clavicale but also attaches to the coracoid process

coracoclavicular

what are the two proposed mechanisms behind electromechanical delay

delay in calcium release and ACH the muscle is slack in a relaxed position

what ligament is damaged with an eneversion ankle sprain

deltoid ligaments

provide an example of a hinge joint

elbow

during goniometry we use the absolute reference system

false

in a pennate muscle, psychological and anatomical cross- sectional area are the same

false

biceps brachii movement

flexion

glenohumeral abduction occurs in which plane

frontal

Supraspinatus joint and action

glenohumeral and abduction

teres minor joint and action

glenohumeral and external rotation

subscapularis joint and action

glenohumeral and internal rotation

pectoralis major joint and action

glenohumeral x2 internal rotation and adduction

lats joint and action

glenohumeralx2 extension and adduction

provide an eample of a ball and socket joint

glenohummeral

SDL / RDL prime mover, antagonist, stabilizer

gluteus maximus quadriceps rectus abdominus

baseball pitch injury

hamate

in order to apply stress to a tissue we have to add energy to the system. with increasing stress, there is a deformation in that tissue, called strain. when the tissue returns to resting or normal length we do not get all of the energy back, that we put in. we lose energy in the form of what and its called what

heat and hysterisis

adductor magnus joint and action

illofemoral adduction

what are the characteristics of muscle

irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

when preforming PNF stretching we stimulate the GTO. why does stimulating the GTO causes an increase in ROM

it allows the muscle to be stretched then relaxed so that it can be stretched further when stimulated again

Anticular cartilage has no blood supply. explain how we maintain articular cartilidge by using full range of motion exercise.

it can be squeezed like a sponge which releases fluid from the joint. the fluid can be used as a lubericant and means the remaining stress can be expanded. articular cartilidge does not have nerves

teres major joint and action

joint - glenohumeral action - internal rotation

serratus anterior joint and action

joint -scapulothoracic action - protraction

with respect to the force velocity curve, what limits force production when velocity is maximal

lack of time for actin and myosin cross bridges to form

explain why inversion ankle sprains are more common than enversion ankle sprains

lateral ligaments are weaker and smaller then medial ligaments and the lateral malleolus is lower than medial

what position is most dangerous for invertebral disks

loaded while twisting and bending

glenohumeral external rotation occurs around which axis

longitudinal

what is commonly dislocated when punching an object

lunate

Close-packed position

maximum contact area minimum compression force moves through joint as if it was not there

tibofemoral flexion occurs around which axis

medial lateral

What nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?

median nerve

draw stress strain curve

mfmdmmdmdmd

biceps brachii orgien and insertion

orgin -scapula insertion - radius

provide an example pf a pivot joint

radioulnar

what ligament is stressed when you apply verus force to the humeral ulnar joint

raidoulnar

which abdominal trunk muscles are active with trunk flexion and rotation to the left

rectus abdominis Internal Obliques External Obliques

list the four quadricep muscles

rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis intermedialis

what motion does the anterior and inferior glenohumeral ligaments resist

rotation and anterior translation of humerus

illofemoral flexion occurs in which plane

saggital

what bone is under the snuff box

scaphoid

what calf muscle is being stretched when the knee is flexed

soleus

List the four rotator cuff muscles

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

provide an example of a condyle joint

thumb

the posterior cruciate ligament resists what motion

translation of the tibia on the femur

illofemoral internal rotation occurs in which plane

transverse

errector spinae joint and action

trunk extension

rectus abdominis joint and action

trunk flexion

what is the mechanism of injury for a meniscus tear

twisting injury

stress applied in what direction damages the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow

valgus

what force is used for a MCL injury

valgus

what does it mean when we say that the tissue in the body have viscoelastic properties

viscoelastic is the speed and duration of the force applied which means tissues in the body can resist being injured by force depending on the speed of the force applied and the duration of it.