Bio midterm

pH neutral

7

Which statement describes a failure of homeostasis in humans?

A viral infection leads to a decrease in the number of white blood cells being produced in the body.

Chlorophyll

Absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis

allergy

Caused by an overreaction to a non-harmful substance.

Nephron Function

Clean the blood. Take out bad and put good stuff back.

ureter

Conducts urine to the urinary bladder

Monosaccharides bonded are.

Disaccharides

lungs

Excretory organ because it removes Carbon Dioxide

True or False: only animal cells have chloroplast.

False.

Respiration

If the oxygen level surrounding an organism is decreasing, that would be proof that the organism is going through what process?

Which change is an example of maintaining dynamic equilibrium?

Insulin is released when glucose levels in the blood are high.

photosynthesis

The process that adds oxygen gas to the atmosphere is

job

a function is a

A broad body of evidence, subject to revisions, supported by different kinds of scientific investigations and often involving the contributions of scientists from different disciplines is necessary to develop

a theory

The movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration is an example of the process of

active transport

protein building blocks

amino acids (20)

Lobsters prey on sea hares, which are marine animals. The lobsters find their prey through a sense of smell. The sea hares defend themselves by squirting ink at the lobster. The ink sticks to the lobster, interfering with its sense of smell. The most likely reason the sea hare can escape is because the sea hare ink

blocks a receptor on certain cells in the lobster

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

oxygen

brain cells need _____ to create energy

Organic molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

A child with cystic fibrosis has an altered protein in his cells that stops chloride ions from leaving the cells. This protein most likely affects the functioning of

cell membrane

The respiratory system of an elephant functions in a similar way to which organelle in a single-celled organism?

cell membrane

mitochondria

cellular respiration occurs in the

synthesis

combination (build up)

nucleus

controls the cell

stomate

controls the exchange of gas levels in a plant

The most likely result of completely removing carbon dioxide from the environment of a plant is that sugar production will

decrease and eventually stop

pH

determines the function of an enzyme.

Each of the disaccharide structures is simple sugars but have different functions in

digestion and synthesis

enzymes control

digestion and synthesis

Temperature

each enzyme has an optimal _________ at which it functions, below it enzyme rate decreases.

Organisms contain compounds such as proteins, starches, and fats. The chemical bonds in these compounds can be a source of

energy

Hydrolysis

enzymes bonding to water, will break down into its building blocks.

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

formula for cellular respiration

water+ carbon dioxide = glucose + oxygen

formula for photosynthesis

sucrose contains.

glucose and fructose

lactose contains.

glucose and galactose

maltose contains.

glucose and glucose

Lipids building blocks

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Enzymes

large complex protein molecules with a distinct shape to their outer surface

pH of an acid is

less than 7

insulin

lowers blood sugar

Increased concern over the number of heat-related illness among football players has led to a possible change in uniform design. Shoulder pads were designed that constantly blew cool, dry air underneath the shoulder pads. Tests showed that the use of the device during rest and recovery periods resulted in a reduction of body temperature and heart rate. This new device would help the athlete to

maintain homeostasis.

Most of the reactants by which energy from carbohydrates is released for use by the cell take place within the

mitochondria

When a bird senses a threat by a predator, they vomit and cover themselves with a foul-smelling liquid. Which two systems work together to alert the bird of danger and help to produce the vomit?

nervous and digestive

chloroplasts

photosynthesis occurs in the organelle called.

Which life function is not necessary for an individual organism to stay alive?

reproduction

cell membrane

separates sell contents from the outside, contains cell receptors.

Carbohydrates building blocks

simple sugars

As blood glucose levels increase, hormones are released to return glucose levels to normal. This is an example of

stimuli and response

vacuole

storage of food and water

Enzymes can bind to :

substrates: ex protein, sugar, fats ex: proteins, fats, sugars

Rejection of a newly transplanted organ is caused by

the immune system reacting to the presence of an organ.

A student performed an experiment to see if water temperature affects the level of activity in aquatic snails. The student set up four tanks with five snails in each tank. All four of the setups were identical in every way, except for the temperature of the water. In order to make the conclusions more valid, the student could

use a larger number of snails

ribosomes

where protein synthesis occurs