Bio Test cells and organelles + microscopes

what are the three exceptions to the cell theory?

1. The first cell could not have come from a pre existing cell 2. Viruses- which are not cells have hereditary material and can reproduce 3. Organelles such as ___mitochondria ___________________________ and ___chloroplast _______________________________ have genetic material and can reproduce.

What is the cell theory?

1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells 2. these cells working individually or together in tissues or organs perform all life functions 3. All cells come from pre existing cells

What is the resperation equation?

C6h12o6+o2------> atp+CO2+h20

What is the correct sequence of historic developments leading to our present learnings of cells

Compound light microscope- cell theory- election microscope

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms cell with a nucleus

What do lysosomes do?

Contains digestive enzymes (breaks down damaged organelles or pathogens)

What is the nuleus?

Controls cell activities Surrounded by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material (DNA and RNA) Involved in reproduction

what is the nucleolus

Dense region in the nucleus Involved in the synthesis of ribosomes

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One celled organism (bacteria) cell with out a nucleus

What did Robert Hooke do?

First described cells in ___1665___________________. He viewed thin slices of _cork __________________ and compared the boxy partitions he observed to the ____cells (small rooms)___________________________________ in a monastery.

what does Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) do

Form passages throughout the cell for intracellular (within the cell) transport Connects the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane

what does the Contractile Vacuole do

Helps to maintain water balance within a cell

what did Anton von Leeuwenhoek do

In __1676_____________ the Dutch scientist observed single-cell organisms (__little animalcules ______________________________) He was likely the first person to observe a __red blood cell____________________ and a _sperm cell _______________________.

what did Robert brown do?

In __1831 ____________, Scottish scientist Robert Brown gave the __nucleus _____________ of a cell its name.

what are Cell Organelles

In cells these are specialized structures that carry out each of the life functions. Organelles are small specializes structurers that carry out life functions within cells

and earthworm is slithering on a sidewalk toward a grassy lawn. which organelles actively contributes most directly to muscle contraction in a n earth worm.

Mitochondria

What is cyclosis?

Movement of the cytoplasm (transports materials within the cell)

What does the cell wall do?

Non living structure that surrounds supports and protects the cell made of cellulose a (polysaccharide) FOUND ONLY IN THE PLANT CELL

What does the chloroplast do?

Perform photosynthesis (produce nutrients) FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS

What do centrioles do?

Play a role in cell division FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS RAHHH

What is the cell membrane?

Regulates the movement of materials into or out of cells Semi permeable Selectively permeable Composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins It is fluid- meaning it is flexible and the parts can move around within the membrane

a pesticide that kill an insect by interfering with production of proteins in the insect would most directly affect the activity of the...

Ribosomes

What is the mitchondria?

Site of cellular respiration Produces ATP (energy) for metabolism The power house of the cell

What do ribosomes do?

Site of protein synthesis (ex: enzymes are proteins)

What are vacuoles

Space in a cell surrounded by a membrane

what is the Golgi Complex (Golgi apparatus)

Synthesizes, packages, and secretes (releases) cellular products

what is the structure of all living organisms

The cell is the basic unit of life

the respiratory system of an elephant functions in a similar way to which organelle in a single celled organism

cell membrane

What is rough ER

covered in ribosomes

What is cytoplasm?

fluid inside the cell Jelly like environment of the cell (mostly h2o)

what is smooth ER

not covered in ribosomes

what does the food vacuole do

store food to be digested

scientific claims should be questioned if

the experimental results cannot be repeated by other scientists

what happens when you look into a microscope

the image is upside down and backwards