BIO111 Chapter 6

Essential amino acids can be made by the body.

False

What happens to the amino acids that are absorbed after the digestive process is complete?

Some amino acids are used to make new proteins and non-protein products. A limited supply of all amino acids remain in amino acid pools in your blood and inside your cells. Some amino acids are deaminated, with the nitrogen converted to urea and the carbon-containing remains used to make glucose or are stored as fat.

True or False: If needed, proteins can be used to make glucose.

True

The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is called the __________.

amine group

Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in your body in your _____.

amino acid pool

A healthy immune system utilizes large numbers of which specialized protein to provide immunity against pathogens?

antibodies

Complete proteins are found abundantly in __________.

dairy and animal products

The process that destroys the shape and activity of proteins when heat, acid, salts, or pressure is applied is known as _____.

denaturation

What is the function of HCl in the stomach?

denature protein

Which of the following contains the information to direct the synthesis of new proteins? genes mRNA RNA enzymes

genes

Which of element is found in protein but not in carbohydrates and lipids?

nitrogen

Vegetarian eating patterns can reduce risk for diseases, including all of the following except _____.

osteoporosis

A body that retains more nitrogen than it excretes is in __________.

positive nitrogen balance

Which of the following is a source of complete protein? pasta soy milk kidney beans peanut butter

soy milk

Which of the following are major functions of proteins in the human body? synthesis of hormones maintaining fluid balance growth and maintenance of new tissue

synthesis of hormones maintaining fluid balance growth and maintenance of new tissue

Proteins play important roles in your body, including to __________.

transport nutrients through your blood help you fight the flu aid in digesting the pizza that you ate for lunch

Unless carefully planned, vegan diets may lack which of the following essential nutrients?

vitamins D, B12, iron, and zinc

Which of the following will not denature a protein? frying an egg refrigerating milk marinating a steak in red wine grilling a chicken breast

refrigerating milk

An acceptable main dish for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian would be __________.

stir-fried tofu and vegetables over brown rice a cheese and broccoli omelet baked ziti with ricotta cheese, spinach, and tomato sauce

Proteins consist of a chain of some combination of _____ amino acids.

20

An 8-ounce glass of low-fat chocolate milk contains 160 calories and 8 grams of protein. What percent of the calories in the milk came from protein?

20%

Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein? chicken breast whole-grain bread broccoli apple

chicken breast

Charlie is a 22-year-old male non-athlete who weighs 70 kilograms. How much protein should he consume daily?

56 grams

How many amino acids are considered essential to humans?

9

Which of the following statements accurately describes how the body handles the breakdown, storage, or excretion of proteins? Amino acids are continuously recycled via the protein pool and are not excreted. Excess amino acid chains are incorporated into and stored as fatty acids. Amino acids are stored as glycogen. The nitrogen in the amine group of amino acids is converted to urea and excreted via the kidneys.

The nitrogen in the amine group of amino acids is converted to urea and excreted via the kidneys.