Chapter 1 - Earth, Moon, and Sun
Meteoroids
A chunk of rock or dust in space
Craters (Definition)
A large round pit caused by the impact of a meteoroid
Two factors that affect objects
Gravity and Inertia
Solstice
When the sun is farthest north or south of the equator
8. Waning Crescent
You can see a crescent once again
Partial Solar Eclipse
You can see a partial solar eclipse because the penumbra is bright and you can see it
Total Lunar Eclipse
You can see a total lunar eclipse better because you can see the moon anywhere
7. Third Quarter
You can see half of the moon's lighted side (left)
3. First Quarter
You can see half of the sunlit side of the moon (right)
Partial Lunar Eclipse
You usually can't see a partial lunar eclipse because the sun, the moon, and the earth don't really line up
Moon's Temperature and Atmosphere
-130 degrees Celsius to -180 degrees Celsius. The temperature on the moon varies so much because there is no atmosphere -there is no atmosphere because there is not a lot of gravity so gases just float away
Angled Sunlight
-23.5 degrees -less energy -winter
Direct Sunlight
-90 degrees -more energy -summer
Winter Solstice
-December 21st -North = Winter and South = Summer
Summer Solstice
-June 21st -North = Summer and South = Winter
Spring Equinox
-March 20th -North = Spring and South = Fall
Fall Equinox
-September 20th (ish) -North = Fall and South = Spring
Craters (Fact)
-craters were formed by meteoroids
Moon's Size and Density
-diameter = 3,476 kilometers. Earth's outer layers is not very dense. Moon's density is less dense than Earth's outer layers
Lunar Eclipse (Facts)
-during a lunar eclipse, EARTH BLOCKS SUNLIGHT from reaching the moon -lunar eclipses occur during a FULL MOON
Neap Tides (Facts)
-neap tides happen during first and third quarter
Spring Tides (Facts)
-spring tides happen during full and new moon
Phase (Facts)
-the same side of the moon always -the phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth
Moon's Water
-there is no water on the moon -maybe there might be water because of the cold poles
Tide (Facts)
-tides are caused by mainly by differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts on Earth -low and high tides happen every 12.5 hours. 6 high and 6 low
Solar Eclipse (Facts)
-when the moon passes directly between the Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth -a solar eclipse occurs during a NEW MOON
Eclipse (Facts)
-when the moon's shadow hits Earth or Earth's shadow hits the moon and an eclipse occurs -two kinds of eclipses : solar and lunar eclipses
Maria
Dark, flat areas on the moon's surface formed from huge ancient lava flows
Rotation (Facts)
Earth's cycle = 24 hours or day and night. Direction = counterclockwise
Revolution (Facts)
Earth's cycle = 365 days, 365 1/4 days, or 366 (leap year) or one year. Direction = counterclockwise
Orbit
Earth's path revolving around the sun
The Moon's Surface
Maria, craters, and highlands
Solar Eclipse (Definition)
The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the MOON is DIRECTLY BETWEEN THE SUN ADN EARTH
Lunar Eclipse (Definition)
The blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when EARTH is DIRECTLY BETWEEN THE SUN AND THE MOON
Umbra
The darkest part of a shadow
Phase (Definition)
The different shapes of the moon you see from Earth
5. Full Moon
The entire sunlit side faces Earth
Axis
The imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles
4. Waxing Gibbous
The moon continues to wax. The visible shape of the moon is called gibbous.
Revolution (Definition)
The movement of one object around another
Penumbra
The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part
Eclipse (Definition)
The partial or total blocking of one object in space by another
Tide (Definition)
The periodic rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean
2. Waxing Crescent
The portion of the moon you can see is waxing, or growing, into a crescent shape
6. Waning Gibbous
The portion of the moon you can see wanes, or shrinks
Rotation (Definition)
The spinning of Earth on its axis
Astronomy
The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
Equinox
The sun is directly over the equator
1. New Moon
The sunlit side faces away from Earth
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
Spring Tides (Definition)
The tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides
Neap Tides (Definition)
The tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides
Total Solar Eclipse
To experience this you just have to be in it. This means that it could be the clearest day and it could turn pitch black and you experience a solar eclipse
