Chapter 1 - Earth, Moon, and Sun

Meteoroids

A chunk of rock or dust in space

Craters (Definition)

A large round pit caused by the impact of a meteoroid

Two factors that affect objects

Gravity and Inertia

Solstice

When the sun is farthest north or south of the equator

8. Waning Crescent

You can see a crescent once again

Partial Solar Eclipse

You can see a partial solar eclipse because the penumbra is bright and you can see it

Total Lunar Eclipse

You can see a total lunar eclipse better because you can see the moon anywhere

7. Third Quarter

You can see half of the moon's lighted side (left)

3. First Quarter

You can see half of the sunlit side of the moon (right)

Partial Lunar Eclipse

You usually can't see a partial lunar eclipse because the sun, the moon, and the earth don't really line up

Moon's Temperature and Atmosphere

-130 degrees Celsius to -180 degrees Celsius. The temperature on the moon varies so much because there is no atmosphere -there is no atmosphere because there is not a lot of gravity so gases just float away

Angled Sunlight

-23.5 degrees -less energy -winter

Direct Sunlight

-90 degrees -more energy -summer

Winter Solstice

-December 21st -North = Winter and South = Summer

Summer Solstice

-June 21st -North = Summer and South = Winter

Spring Equinox

-March 20th -North = Spring and South = Fall

Fall Equinox

-September 20th (ish) -North = Fall and South = Spring

Craters (Fact)

-craters were formed by meteoroids

Moon's Size and Density

-diameter = 3,476 kilometers. Earth's outer layers is not very dense. Moon's density is less dense than Earth's outer layers

Lunar Eclipse (Facts)

-during a lunar eclipse, EARTH BLOCKS SUNLIGHT from reaching the moon -lunar eclipses occur during a FULL MOON

Neap Tides (Facts)

-neap tides happen during first and third quarter

Spring Tides (Facts)

-spring tides happen during full and new moon

Phase (Facts)

-the same side of the moon always -the phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth

Moon's Water

-there is no water on the moon -maybe there might be water because of the cold poles

Tide (Facts)

-tides are caused by mainly by differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts on Earth -low and high tides happen every 12.5 hours. 6 high and 6 low

Solar Eclipse (Facts)

-when the moon passes directly between the Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth -a solar eclipse occurs during a NEW MOON

Eclipse (Facts)

-when the moon's shadow hits Earth or Earth's shadow hits the moon and an eclipse occurs -two kinds of eclipses : solar and lunar eclipses

Maria

Dark, flat areas on the moon's surface formed from huge ancient lava flows

Rotation (Facts)

Earth's cycle = 24 hours or day and night. Direction = counterclockwise

Revolution (Facts)

Earth's cycle = 365 days, 365 1/4 days, or 366 (leap year) or one year. Direction = counterclockwise

Orbit

Earth's path revolving around the sun

The Moon's Surface

Maria, craters, and highlands

Solar Eclipse (Definition)

The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the MOON is DIRECTLY BETWEEN THE SUN ADN EARTH

Lunar Eclipse (Definition)

The blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when EARTH is DIRECTLY BETWEEN THE SUN AND THE MOON

Umbra

The darkest part of a shadow

Phase (Definition)

The different shapes of the moon you see from Earth

5. Full Moon

The entire sunlit side faces Earth

Axis

The imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles

4. Waxing Gibbous

The moon continues to wax. The visible shape of the moon is called gibbous.

Revolution (Definition)

The movement of one object around another

Penumbra

The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part

Eclipse (Definition)

The partial or total blocking of one object in space by another

Tide (Definition)

The periodic rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean

2. Waxing Crescent

The portion of the moon you can see is waxing, or growing, into a crescent shape

6. Waning Gibbous

The portion of the moon you can see wanes, or shrinks

Rotation (Definition)

The spinning of Earth on its axis

Astronomy

The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space

Equinox

The sun is directly over the equator

1. New Moon

The sunlit side faces away from Earth

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Spring Tides (Definition)

The tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides

Neap Tides (Definition)

The tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides

Total Solar Eclipse

To experience this you just have to be in it. This means that it could be the clearest day and it could turn pitch black and you experience a solar eclipse