BIOL 1020 Zanzot Exam 1

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you want to make a .5 M solution of sodium chloride. The atomic weight of sodium (Na) is 23, and the atomic weight of chlorine (Cl) is approximately 36. Therefore, to 1 L of water, you add

23+36=59 g/1mol 59x.5M= 29g 29 g NaCl

which of the following elements is LEAST abundant element in the human body?

Phosphorus

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of ALL living organisms?

Photosynthesis

Which of the following statements about buffers is untrue?

They are strong acids mixed with weak bases

A scientist wants to investigate the interior of bacterial cells. She decides to use 70,000x magnification, and will use very thin slices of the cell samples embedded in plastic resin

a transmission electron microscope

Which of the following represents a DECREASE complexity?

biosphere, community, cell, molecule

in a covalent bond

electrons are shared between atoms

in an ionic bond

electrons are transferred from one atom to another

the two compounds pictured below are

enantiomers

which statement about enantiomers is untrue?

enantiomers of a compound are metabolized the same way in biological systems

which of the following statement about enzymes is NOT true

enzymes lower the change in Gibbs free energy for the reactions they catalyze

sulfhydryl group

essentially nonpolar; found in some amino acids

the second law of thermodynamics states

every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

a spontaneous reaction is ____, and has a net ____ in Gibbs free energy.

exergonic, decrease

This organelle has cis, medial, and trans regions and is a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae where proteins are processed, modified, sorted.

golgi apparatus

two isotopes of the same element

have the same atomic number

Cholesterol, estradiol, and ethanol all contain which functional group?

hydroxyl

Which of the following phenomena cannot be traced to hydrogen bonding in water?

liquid water is transparent

What are lipids used for

long term storage of chemical energy, insulation, steroids, and components of cell membranes

The Miller/Urey experiment supported ___ by producing ___ compounds from ___ compounds.

mechanism; organic; inorganic

glucose is a

monosaccharide, hexose, and aldose

in a hydrogen bond

no atomic particles are exchanged, but atoms/molecules may be attracted to one another

methyl group

nonpolar (thus hydrophobic); found in such things as lipids, and other membrane components.

DNA and RNA differ in all of these ways except

one contains ATP and the other contains ADP

Which of the following statements about pH is NOT true?

pH greater than 7 is acidic

What type of bond produces a region with a partial positive charge and a region with a partial negative charge

polar covalent

hydroxyl group

polar; found in alcohols

carbonyl group

polar; found in aldehydes and ketones

glycogen and cellulose are both polysaccharides. In which way are they similar?

they have the same monomer building blocks

Heat is a measure of the _____ kinetic energy of molecules in a sample, while temperature is the ____ kinetic energy of molecules

total, average

Proteins leave the ER in small membrane-bound sacs called

vesicles

carboxyl group

weakly acidic; found in organic acids (such as amino acids)

phosphate group

weakly acidic; found in such things as phospholipids and nucleic acids

amino group

weakly basic; found in such things as amino acids

How does acid precipitation affect trees?

Fundamental biological processes are disrupted by the decrease in pH

Carbohydrates are usually multiples of which ratio?

CH2O

If you add acid to an aqueous solution, lowering the pH from 8 to 4, how have you affected the concentration of protons (H+)

Increased it by 10,000 times

Carbohydrates are used for all of the following except

Insulation

Which of the following is UNTRUE: A scientific theory:

Is an untested speculation

The substance KI is held together by ionic bonds. Based on the definitions used in this course, which of the following is true

It is a compound but not a molecule

Nucleic acid monomers (nucleotides) are comprised of

a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

which of the following would likely NOT dissolve in water

a lipid

fructose and glucose are

structural isomers

the two compounds pictured below are

cis-trans isomers

Consider the following molecules. Which types of bonds are ASSOCIATED with: H20 (water)

covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds

Consider the following molecules. Which types of bonds are ASSOCIATED with: MgSO4 (epsom salt)

covalent bonds and ionic bonds

an important difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is that

prokaryotic cells have no nuclei

which of the following are paired CORRECTLY? Monomers of ___ are linked by ___ bonds

proteins; peptide

which of the following are paired INCORRECTLY? The ______ structure of a polypeptide is held together by _____.

quaternary; peptide bonds

science

relies on careful observations and testable hypothesis

butter is solid at room temperature due to the presence of

saturated fats

proteins may preform all of these functions in a cell EXCEPT

storage of hereditary information


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