BIOL 1020 Zanzot Exam 1
you want to make a .5 M solution of sodium chloride. The atomic weight of sodium (Na) is 23, and the atomic weight of chlorine (Cl) is approximately 36. Therefore, to 1 L of water, you add
23+36=59 g/1mol 59x.5M= 29g 29 g NaCl
which of the following elements is LEAST abundant element in the human body?
Phosphorus
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of ALL living organisms?
Photosynthesis
Which of the following statements about buffers is untrue?
They are strong acids mixed with weak bases
A scientist wants to investigate the interior of bacterial cells. She decides to use 70,000x magnification, and will use very thin slices of the cell samples embedded in plastic resin
a transmission electron microscope
Which of the following represents a DECREASE complexity?
biosphere, community, cell, molecule
in a covalent bond
electrons are shared between atoms
in an ionic bond
electrons are transferred from one atom to another
the two compounds pictured below are
enantiomers
which statement about enantiomers is untrue?
enantiomers of a compound are metabolized the same way in biological systems
which of the following statement about enzymes is NOT true
enzymes lower the change in Gibbs free energy for the reactions they catalyze
sulfhydryl group
essentially nonpolar; found in some amino acids
the second law of thermodynamics states
every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
a spontaneous reaction is ____, and has a net ____ in Gibbs free energy.
exergonic, decrease
This organelle has cis, medial, and trans regions and is a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae where proteins are processed, modified, sorted.
golgi apparatus
two isotopes of the same element
have the same atomic number
Cholesterol, estradiol, and ethanol all contain which functional group?
hydroxyl
Which of the following phenomena cannot be traced to hydrogen bonding in water?
liquid water is transparent
What are lipids used for
long term storage of chemical energy, insulation, steroids, and components of cell membranes
The Miller/Urey experiment supported ___ by producing ___ compounds from ___ compounds.
mechanism; organic; inorganic
glucose is a
monosaccharide, hexose, and aldose
in a hydrogen bond
no atomic particles are exchanged, but atoms/molecules may be attracted to one another
methyl group
nonpolar (thus hydrophobic); found in such things as lipids, and other membrane components.
DNA and RNA differ in all of these ways except
one contains ATP and the other contains ADP
Which of the following statements about pH is NOT true?
pH greater than 7 is acidic
What type of bond produces a region with a partial positive charge and a region with a partial negative charge
polar covalent
hydroxyl group
polar; found in alcohols
carbonyl group
polar; found in aldehydes and ketones
glycogen and cellulose are both polysaccharides. In which way are they similar?
they have the same monomer building blocks
Heat is a measure of the _____ kinetic energy of molecules in a sample, while temperature is the ____ kinetic energy of molecules
total, average
Proteins leave the ER in small membrane-bound sacs called
vesicles
carboxyl group
weakly acidic; found in organic acids (such as amino acids)
phosphate group
weakly acidic; found in such things as phospholipids and nucleic acids
amino group
weakly basic; found in such things as amino acids
How does acid precipitation affect trees?
Fundamental biological processes are disrupted by the decrease in pH
Carbohydrates are usually multiples of which ratio?
CH2O
If you add acid to an aqueous solution, lowering the pH from 8 to 4, how have you affected the concentration of protons (H+)
Increased it by 10,000 times
Carbohydrates are used for all of the following except
Insulation
Which of the following is UNTRUE: A scientific theory:
Is an untested speculation
The substance KI is held together by ionic bonds. Based on the definitions used in this course, which of the following is true
It is a compound but not a molecule
Nucleic acid monomers (nucleotides) are comprised of
a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group
which of the following would likely NOT dissolve in water
a lipid
fructose and glucose are
structural isomers
the two compounds pictured below are
cis-trans isomers
Consider the following molecules. Which types of bonds are ASSOCIATED with: H20 (water)
covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
Consider the following molecules. Which types of bonds are ASSOCIATED with: MgSO4 (epsom salt)
covalent bonds and ionic bonds
an important difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is that
prokaryotic cells have no nuclei
which of the following are paired CORRECTLY? Monomers of ___ are linked by ___ bonds
proteins; peptide
which of the following are paired INCORRECTLY? The ______ structure of a polypeptide is held together by _____.
quaternary; peptide bonds
science
relies on careful observations and testable hypothesis
butter is solid at room temperature due to the presence of
saturated fats
proteins may preform all of these functions in a cell EXCEPT
storage of hereditary information
