BIOL 2402 - Ch 27

Minerals serve many functions in the human body including which of the following?

-binding oxygen -blood clotting -generation of an action potential

Which are metabolic functions of the liver?

-carbohydrate metabolism -detoxification -lipid metabolism

Which are functions of the liver?

-production of bile -production of clotting proteins -storing glucose

Fatty acids are separated into which groups?

-unsaturated fatty acids -polyunsaturated fatty acids -saturated fatty acids

Match each stage of cellular respiration with its description. 1. glycolysis 2. intermediate stage 3. citric acid cycle 4. electron transport system

1. Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates 2. Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA 3. Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid 4. Energy in NAFH and FADH2 is used to make ATP

Match each mineral with its function(s) in the human body. 1. Fe 2. Ca 3. I 4. Zn

1. binds oxygen in hemoglobin, binds electrons in the ETS 2. blood clotting, bone formation 3. integral part of thyroid hormone 4. protein synthesis wound healing

Match each term with its definition. 1. vegetarian 2. lacto-ovo vegetarian

1. does not eat meat 2. does not eat flesh but does eat milk, eggs, and cheese

Place the events of cellular respiration in order.

1. glycolysis 2. intermediate stage 3. citric acid cycle 4. electron transport system

Match each type of carbohydrate with the number of simple sugars it contains. 1. monosaccharide 2. disaccharide 3. polysaccharide

1. one 2. two 3. many

Which are water-soluble vitamins?

C B

True or false: Cholesterol is found primarily in plant-based products.

False

True or false: Our body can synthesize most of the needed vitamins and minerals.

False

Which is a category of vitamins?

Fat-soluble and water-soluble

______ delivers cholesterol from the liver to the cells where they are engulfed via receptor-mediated endocytosis.

LDLs

True or false: All minerals are obtained from the diet.

True

Poultry is an example of ______ protein.

a complete

Your father's annual physical exam shows he has a low level of HDLs. This concerns you because you know this puts him at increased risk for ______.

a heart attack

If you have breakfast at 7 AM, your body is in the ______ state until 11 AM.

absorptive

The total metabolic rate is calculated by adding the ___ metabolic rate to the metabolism required for physical activity.

basal

Your ___ metabolic rate is the amount of energy your body uses at rest.

basal

The most important factor affecting a person's basal metabolic rate is their ______.

body surface area

A person's BMR is influenced by which of the following?

body surface area gender age

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius is called a

calorie

Nutrients provide energy to the body in the form of a

calories

The temperature of your head and torso is your ___ body temperature.

core

Iron is an integral component of which of the following?

cytochromes in the electron transport chain

In which stage of cellular respiration is the energy carried by FADH2 and NADH converted into ATP?

electron transport system

A calorie is a measure of ______.

energy

Basal metabolic rate is the amount of ______ to keep the body functioning.

energy expended

Metabolic rate is the measure of ______ in a given period of time.

energy used

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are ______-soluble vitamins.

fat

Cellulose is a type of ______.

fiber

Which are dietary sources of protein?

fish nuts beans

On the USDA MyPlate, one-half of the plate is taken up by ______.

fruits and vegetables

In which stage of cellular respiration is a glucose molecule broken down into two pyruvate molecules?

glycolysis

Total metabolic rate is ______ than basal metabolic rate.

higher

Lipids are ______ molecules.

hydrophobic

The "thermostat" of our body that regulates our body temperature is the ______.

hypothalamus

An increase in thyroid hormone levels will cause a(n) ______ in body temperature.

increase

During the absorptive state of digestion, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids are ______.

increasing

Minerals are ______ ions.

inorganic

The ability to change one type of nutrient biomolecule into another is known as

interconversion

If someone is on a high protein, low carb diet (such as the Atkins diet), how does their body ensure enough glucose still gets to the brain?

interconversion of protein to glucose

What mineral binds oxygen in red blood cells and binds electrons in the electron transport chain?

iron

If you consume more cholesterol in your diet, your liver will respond by synthesizing ______ cholesterol.

less

Drug detoxification is a function of the ______.

liver

What is the largest internal organ that has several hundred functions including bile production and serving as a glucose "bank"?

liver

Which blood cholesterol levels would indicate an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease?

low HDLs high LDLs high total cholesterol

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) have ______ cholesterol levels than low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

lower

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat ______.

meat

The amount of energy used by the body in a set amount of time is known as the ______ rate.

metabolic

Vitamins and minerals are examples of ______.

micronutrients

Iron and calcium are examples of ______.

minerals

According to MyPlate, you should consume ______ vegetables than fruits.

more

Your New Year's resolution is to drastically reduce the amount of cholesterol in your diet by eating less meat and more fruits and vegetables. After a few months, your liver will respond by producing ______ cholesterol.

more

In addition to supplying our body with amino acids, proteins are a good source of ______.

nitrogen

Carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are examples of ______.

nutrients

The study of how living organisms obtain the nutrients required in order to survive is called

nutrition

Vitamins are ______.

organic

The USDA now uses an image of a ______ to visually show the proportions of each food type that should be in a healthy diet.

plate

Carbohydrates that are made of long chains of simple sugars are called

polysaccharides

The time between meals, when your body is relying on stored nutrients, is the ______ state.

postabsorptive

While you are sleeping, your body must rely on stored nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis, so you are in the ___ state.

postabsorptive

Which nutrient is a good source of nitrogen?

protein

Core body temperature ______.

remains stable

Milk and cheese are sources of ______ fatty acids.

saturated

If our body starts to get too cold, the hypothalamus will initiate which of the following?

shivering vasoconstriction in the extremities

Lipids are carried in the blood bound to proteins because ______.

they are hydrophobic

Which hormone has the most profound effect on body temperature?

thyroid hormone

The ______ metabolic rate is the amount of energy used by the body including that needed for physical activity.

total

Our body requires only small amounts of what type of mineral?

trace

Fats composed of glycerol and fatty acids are called

triglycerides

The USDA MyPlate includes which of the following categories of food?

vegetables, fruits, grains