BIOL Exam 1 Preparation

Who needs to take a nutrient supplement?

A pregnant woman

Which statement describes the current status of the American diet?

Americans consume too much protein and sodium and too little fiber

Emily has brittle fingernails that crack and split easily. Emily's mother advises her daughter to take gelatin pills 3 times/day, because she's heard the practice strengthens fingernails. The mother's nutrition-related advice about the benefit of taking gelatin pills is an example of a(n) ________.

Anecdote

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an _________.

Anecdote

What is the percentage of protein and fat in a healthy human body?

Around 40 percent

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?

Cohort

Josephine is one of 20 participants in a clinical trial for a new weight loss drug. If Josephine receives a placebo rather than the actual drug, to which group does Josephine belong?

Control group

Jada's parents both work from 8 a.m. until 6 p.m. every day. When Jada and her sister get home from school, they eat a snack and do homework until dinner time. Jada's mom and dad are tired at the end of the day and often stop at the grocery store on the way home from work to pick up prepared meals or pre-prepared ingredients that just need to be assembled. Which of the following factors most influences the choice of dinner in Jada's household?

Convenience

When we do not consume enough of a nutrient, we eventually develop a(n) ___________

Deficiency

An online advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 lbs in3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) __________.

Disclaimer

Japan is an island nation surrounded by ocean. Fish and other seafood play a key role in Japanese cuisine. This represents an example of the influence of _______ in food choice.

Environment

Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children. Which of the following research designs would be best for the researchers to use when designing their study?

Epidemiological

Alcohol is an energy-yielding nutrient (T/F)

False

All essential nutrients are also organic (T/F)

False

All individuals require the same amount of energy for their normal bodily functions (T/F)

False

Because a large proportion of the human body is composed of water, it does not have to be replenished every day (T/F)

False

Carbohydrates function as chemical catalysts for the biochemical reactions in the body and are known as enzymes (T/F)

False

In an experiment, the placebo is usually administered to the experimental group (T/F)

False

The best way to obtain reliable nutrition information is to search the Internet (T/F)

False

The main reason fast-food consumption has increased in recent years is because eating in fast-food restaurants triggers positive emotions in people (T/F)

False

The most important factor that influences food choices is

Flavor/taste

Which of the following is not a function of water in the body?

Functions as a coenzyme

A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week old lab mice. After 10 weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal levels of certain enzymes in their red blood cells. Based on this info and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him?

He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group

Which of the following leading causes of death in the US is related to nutrition?

Heart disease

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?

Journal of the American Medical Association

A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs. Which of the following claims is a red flag of unreliable information?

Kava cures migraine headaches

The current American diet is not very healthy because

Many meals are eaten in front of the TV, fast food consumption is high, large amounts of sugary beverages are consumed

Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of pellagra?

Mental confusion and scaly skin sores

Vitamins and minerals are considered ___________

Micronutrients

Organic nutrients include all of the following except

Minerals

The element that is found in all proteins and some vitamins is _______

Nitrogen

Which nutrient class is used to build body tissues and make enzymes?

Proteins

Which of the following causes of death in the US is not nutrition-related?

Respiratory diseases

During an online interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

Scare tactic

Which of the following has the least effect on the foods that we choose to eat?

The weather forecast for the next month

Lipids are the primary energy source for the body when it is at rest (T/F)

True

Malnutrition can be either undernutrition or over-nutrition (T/F)

True

The foods we eat have an influence on the genes in our cells in a way that can increase or decrease our risks for certain diseases (T/F)

True

The most abundant nutrient that the body and all foods are composed of is

Water

What is measured in the BMI of an individual?

Weight relative to height