Biology 1: Nucleic Acids
proteomics
A similar analysis of large sets of proteins including their sequences is called ___________
genomics
Analyzing large sets of genes or even comparing whole genomes of different species is called ________
hydrogen bond
Bases along one DNA strand ________________ to bases along the other strand.
base sequences
DNA sequencing: Once the structure of DNA and its relationship to amino acid sequence was understood, biologists sought to "decode" genes by learning their ______ ____________
bacteriophage ms2
First sequenced - ____________ _______ (ssRNA virus, 1 chromosome, 3,569 bases)
thymine, uracil
In RNA, _______ is replaced by ________ (U) soA and U pair
a to t, g to c
The functional groups hanging off the base determine which bases pair up:(letters)
human genome project
The rapid development of faster and less expensive methods of sequencing was a side effect of the ______ ________ ________
molecular genealogy
We can extend the concept of __________ __________to relationships between species
information storage
What's the function of nucleic acids?
double helix
While DNA always exists as a _______ ________,RNA molecules are more variable in form
rna
_______ is single stranded
bioinformatics
_______________ uses computer software and other computational tools to deal with the data resulting from sequencing many genomes.
gene, polypeptide
a ________ is a specific stretch of dna that programs the amino acid sequence of a ____________
sugar phosphate backbone
dehydration reactions also form a:
sugar, phosphate
dehydration reactions also form covalent bonds between the _______ of one nucleotide and the __________ of the next
u
during transcription, A becomes ___
c
during transcription, G becomes ___ and ___ becomes G
a
during transcription, T becomes ___
five carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base
each nucleotide has 3 parts:
nucleotides
nucleic acids are polymers made from monomers called ________
protein language
the chemical code of dna must be translated from nucleic acid language to ______ _________
protein
the gene undergoes transcription (dna) and then translation (mrna) to create the ________(single bubbles are amino acids)
dehydration reactions
these link nucleotide monomers into long chains called polynucleotides
the polynucleotide strands
this is a chart of:
double helix
two strands of dna join together to form a _____ _________
dna and rna
what are the two types of nucleic acids?
phosphate group
what is this?
ribose
what is this?
rna nucleotide
what is this?
uracil
what is this?
