Biology 113 | Exam 3 (Questions)

Random mating does NOT naturally occur in the wild because

Females are particular with whom they mate based on particular traits they find desirable.

When it comes to foraging, which method is the best one?

Going for lots of small size food items several times per day.

Mass Extinctions

Have occurred about 4 or 5 times in fossil record, due in some cases to catastrophic changes.

Natural selection favors features that increases the chances of an organism mating during sexual selection

True

The Age Structure Diagram for population growth of Less Developed Countries has a large number of males and females in the pre-reproductive age range.

True

The mutation that allows a particular species of bacteria to become resistant to a drug is a beneficial mutation for that species.

True

Body, especially facial, symmetry is a sign of good health and a strong immune system.

True

All of the organisms living in your front yard represent a(n) ____________, while the blue jays represent a(n) _____________.

Community; population.

Phylogenetics uses evolutionary trees called cladograms to arrange species into clades, or related groups, showing all of the descendents of a common anscestor. The branches of the tree are based on all but which of the following?

Convergent evolution.

Which of the following is NOT an example of artificial selection?

Moving from one lion to another for breeding.

Inbreeding within a population is an example of

Nonrandom mating.

Which of the following is NOT a form of environmental resistance?

Number of offspring produced per litter.

Which of the following is NOT a factor involved in the carrying capacity for a species?

Number of prey.

Which of the following is a biotic factor?

Nuts

What type of organisms are found at the beginning/bottom of the food web and/or ecological pyramid?

Plants/producers

Which type of reproductive strategy is when a female primate has two male primate mates?

Polyandrous

Evolution by natural selection requires

- Individual variation - Inheritance - Overproduction - Differential reproductive success

When an animal forages for food it will:

- Several smaller meals can be better as it can cost less energy to obtain. - Obtain more energy from your food than you put into getting it, so your over all gain is positive.

How many species have to go extinct for it to be considered a mass extinction?

50-65%

If a population has 1,000 members with 125 births and 50 deaths, then what is the growth rate for this population

7.5% per year

Ecosystem

A community and its physical environment, including both living and nonliving components

A population of 100 butterflies living on an acre of land loses 3/4 of its members when a sudden freeze in the spring occurs just after they emerge as caterpillars. This population has undergone a reduction in population size due to

A density-independent factor.

Which of the following is NOT an example of artificial selection? (lion)

A lion changing the color of its fur to white due to it's environment turning colder.

Which of the following is NOT an example of artificial selection?

A polar bear's white thick coat.

Fifty days after hatching, a white-crowned sparrow will never be able to sing a normal song if reared in isolation. This is an example of

A sensitive period.

Which of the following experiments would help support the idea that behavior can be influenced by the environment? -Robins who were raised in the nest of sparrows sing the sparrow song when they are older. - Laughing gull chicks increase their pecking efficiency when presented with a model of the parents bill. - A baby goose hatches out and the first object it sees is a red ball. The goose will follow the ball around as it grows up. - Young blue jays eat a monarch for the first time and become ill. The birds stop preying upon monarchs after the first experience. -All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Biosphere

All of the ecosystems on Earth, including their living components.

Population

All the members of a same species that inhabit a particular area.

Community

All the populations found in a particular area

If two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two populations will:

Become more similar in their gene pools.

Different species of female fireflies flash different patterns during mating season. This is an example of ______________ isolation.

Behavioral isolation.

A line of evidence NOT considered by Darwin in his development of the theory of natural selection is:

Biochemistry

Finding the same animals on such a variety of continents is due to

Biogeographical evidence.

All living organisms share characteristics such as DNA, the molecule that passes information between generations; metabolic processes like glycolysis, and the bility to utilize specific energy sources. This is thought to be due to

Biological evolution.

Which of the following symbiotic relationships is best described as benefiting one species while having no effect on the other species?

Commensalism

A bear clawing a tree would be an example of what kind of communication?

Chemical

Which type of conditioning involves training an animal to expect a particular item to appear when something else is done to them?

Classical

An example of commensalism is

Clown fish in sea anemones.

Population growth rate would be negative when

Death rate is greater than birthrate.

Which kind of natural selection was the example of the horse?

Directional

The black snake and green snake are examples of which type of natural selection?

Disruptive selection

Which of the following statements is NOT true about fixed action patterns (FAPs)?

FAPs are strictly the result of the expression of particular genes.

Which survivorship curves represents sea turtles? They are known to give birth to large numbers of young, which very few survive to become adults.

III

Male birds court females of the correct species because they look like their mother. this is due to

Imprinting

Learned behavior that causes a family of baby ducks to follow their mother is called

Imprinting.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit to living in a group?

Increased chance of disease.

The carrying capacity of the environment for a species is determined by

The limited productivity of the environment and the environmental resistance to the biotic potential of the organism.

Which of the following is true about genetic drift?

It may lead to an allele becoming fixed in a population when its alternative allele is lost from the population.

Biotic

Living components such as people, plants and bacteria

Abiotic

Nonliving components such as soil water, and weather.

Which of the following is true about natural selection? - It acts on genotypes rather than phenotypes. - It assures the survival of each fit individual. - On average, it favors the survival of young with adaptive characteristics. - It always selects for more complex forms. - It always selects for forms that are a mutated variation.

On average, it favors the survival of young with adaptive characteristics.

Learning that is reinforced by rewards, a gradual strengthening of stimulus-response connections, is called

Operant conditioning

Ecology is best defined as the study of

Organisms as they interact with other organisms and with their physical surroundings.

Which of the following describes the lynx and snowshoe hare predator-prey cycle relationship?

Predator population declines due to overkill Prey overshoots the carrying capacity and suffers a crash, causing the predator population to crash due to lack of food.

Fossil evidence has provided us with a tremendous amount of living organisms. Which of the following was the first type of living organism?

Prokaryotes

Which of the following is an example of learning (vs fixed action pattern)?

Reading and understanding the material for class

Communication comes in many forms. The waggle dance of a honey bee is what form of communication?

Tactile

Primate grooming and honeybee waggle dancing share which of these forms of communication?

Tactile communication.

What kind of embryonic evidence have we already previously discussed that is anatomical evidence of simlilarity between us and other species?

Tails

Consider the consequences of a harmless prey that evolves toward mimicry of a model that has an anti-predator defense-Batesian mimicry. What happens to the effectiveness of this defense as more and more prey in the population are harmless mimics? Then consider what happens when a species with bad taste evolves to resemble a model that stings (Mullerian mimicry).

The number of Batesian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern, but the addition of Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex.

The competitive behavior among male elk competing for access to females is advantageous because

The increased number of offspring produced will offset the shorter life of the male elk.

Which of the following does not impact an organism's biotic potential?

The rate of immigration into an area.

Which statement about parasitism is true?

There are examples of parasites in every kingdom of life.

Which of the following is an example of FAP?

Toddler starting to learn how to feed himself.

Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?

Tree

Which of the following conditions does NOT contribute to evolution?

Unchanging environmental conditions

Evolution by natural selection requires all but which of the following:

Underproduction

Anatomical structures fully functional in one group and reduced or nonfunctional in another is

Vestigal structure.

Communication comes in many forms. The plumage a male bird uses in a courtship dance to attract a female is what form?

Visual

Based on our brief discussion of communities, is our classroom a community?

Yes

In most species the _________ invests most of the energy in raising the young and the ___________ chooses the mate.

female; female.