Biology 121- Chapter 4-5

Which organelle modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER, mostly for secretion?

Correct: Golgi apparatus

Organelle that carries out cellular respiration, the process of converting the chemical energy of sugars and other molecules to chemical energy in the form of ATP?

Correct: Mitchondrion

Where would you find a stockpile of digestive enzymes, important in breaking down nutrients, destroying bacteria, recycling, and development?

Correct: Lysosome

What are thin, solid protein rods, especially numerous in muscle cells, involved in cell support and movement?

Correct: Microfilaments

Can you find the rods that shape and support the cell, and serve as tracks along which other organelles can move?

Correct: Microtubules

A) Strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils. B) Regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds. C) Makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy. D) Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell. E) Modifies and packages proteins.

Correct: A) Plant Cell Wall B) Central Vacuole C) Chloroplast D) Mitochondrion E) Golgi Apparatus

Which cell components are identical in structure to basal bodies?

Correct: Centrioles

Appendage that propels the cell?

Correct: Flagellum

Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) nucleus C) Golgi apparatus D) mitochondrion

Correct: Mitochondrion (Mitochondria are involved in the process of converting the chemical energy of food to ATP.)

Double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

Correct: Nuclear Envelope

Where are ribosomal subunits made?

Correct: Nucleolus

Large organelle contains most of the genes that control the cell?

Correct: Nucleus

A) Stores the genetic information of the cell. B) Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes. C) Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell. D) Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins. E) Site of lipid synthesis.

Correct: A) Nucleus B) Lysosome C) Mitochondrion D) Ribosome E) Smooth ER

The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting? A) 400x B) 10x C) 40x D) 4x

Correct: 40x (Total magnification is (4x) x (10x) = 40x.)

Which is a typical function of lysosomes? A) storage of food particles for energy purposes B) breaking down of damaged organelles, such as chloroplasts C) rebuilding macromolecules, such as glycoproteins D) keeping bacteria within a safe, contained environment

Correct: Breaking down of damaged organelles, such as chloroplasts (Lysosomes do break down damaged organelles; lysosomes are rarely found in plant cells.)

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not? A) mitochondrion, cell wall, central vacuole B) chloroplast, central vacuole, lysosome C) chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall D) chloroplast, cell wall, lysosome

Correct: Chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP. A) chloroplasts; mitochondria B) mitochondria; chloroplasts C) chloroplasts; ribosomes D) ribosomes; chloroplasts

Correct: Chloroplasts; mitochondria

What is the name given to the strands containing DNA (genes) along with associated protein?

Correct: Chromatin

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell? A) glycoproteins being prepared for secretion from the cell B) enzymes for detoxifying harmful compounds such as alcohol C) digestive enzymes D) material to make ribosomes

Correct: Digestive enzymes (The lysosome is a sac of digestive enzymes.)

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell? A) nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus B) endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome C) mitochondrion, chloroplast, plasma membrane D) plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, endomembrane

Correct: Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

If you wished to observe a white blood cell as it engulfed a viral particle, which type of microscope would you choose? A) scanning electron microscope B) transmission electron microscope C) light microscope D) confocal microscope

Correct: Light Microscope (This type of microscope allows you to view activities of living cells.)

Which organelle carries out diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product, which it converts to water (H2O)?

Correct: Peroxisome

What acts as a selective barrier, allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes?

Correct: Plasma Membrane

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ . A) plasma membrane; cell wall B) plasma membrane; endomembrane C) endomembrane; cell wall D) nuclear membrane; endomembrane

Correct: Plasma membrane; cell wall

What small structures serve as the sites of protein synthesis?

Correct: Ribosomes

Can you identify the membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured?

Correct: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Can you identify the portion of the endomembrane system important in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage?

Correct: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category? A) breakdown B) energy production C) support, movement, and communication D) manufacturing

Correct: Support, movement, and communication (The plasma membrane is an important structure for cell communication with the external environment.)

Mitochondria are found in _____. A) animal cells and bacterial cells B) both plant cells and animal cells C) animal cells only D) plant cells only

Correct: both plant cells and animal cells (Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells.)

The function of the chloroplast is to _____. A) digest sugar to provide ATP energy for the cell B) convert light energy to chemical energy C) move the cell D) convert one kind of chemical energy to another

Correct: convert light energy to chemical energy (The function of the chloroplast is to convert light energy from the sun to the chemical energy of a glucose molecule.)

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down. A) Golgi apparatus; central vacuole B) Golgi apparatus; lysosome C) endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome D) endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus

Correct: endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. However, key differences can be observed. For example, _____. A) only cilia move as a coordinated team B) only flagella have the 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules C) only flagella are responsible for movement of single cells D) cilia are typically longer than flagella

Correct: only cilia move as a coordinated team (Cilia work together in a coordinated team, much like the oars on a rowing team. This allows them to propel fluids along their surfaces for locomotion or feeding.)

In plants, _____ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as _____. A) tight junctions ... anchoring junctions B) anchoring junctions ... gap junctions C) plasmodesmata ... gap junctions D) plasmodesmata ... anchoring junctions

Correct: plasmodesmata ... gap junctions (Plant cells are interconnected by plasmodesmata, which form tubelike structures that penetrate through the cell walls. Like gap junctions, which are formed by specialized channels found in animal cells, plamodesmata allow the free exchange of small molecules and help coordinate the activities of neighboring cells.)

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? The _____ functions in _____. A) nucleus ... cellular respiration B) ribosome ... manufacture of lipids C) vacuole ... storage D) mitochondrion ... photosynthesis

Correct: vacuole ... storage (Plant cells have a central vacuole, whereas most animal cells have several smaller vacuoles located throughout the cytoplasm.)