Biology 1306 Final Exam Review

6) In the figure above, how many unpaired electrons does phosphorus have in its valence shell? A) 15 B) 2 C) 3 D) 7 E) 5

3

20) The linkage formed from the following dehydration reaction is: glucose + glucose → maltose A) petide bond B) ester linkage C) glycosidic bond D) hydrogen bond E) none of the above

B) ester linkage

28) The process that consumes energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. A) Anabolism B) Catabolism C) Exocytosis D) Endocytosis E) All of the above

A) Anabolism

40 A solution with a high concentration of hydrogen ions A) Is called a base B) Is called an acid C) Has a high pH D) Both b and c are correct

A) Is called a base

8) Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures? A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly. B) Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content and therefore more cholesterol in membranes. C) Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids. D) The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids. E) The double bonds result in shorter fatty acid tails and thinner membranes.

A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly.

29) Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as ___________is to ___________. A) exergonic; spontaneous D) work; energy B) exergonic; endergonic E) entropy; enthalpy C) free energy; entropy

B) exergonic; endergonic

13) Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? A) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse. B) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion. C) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst. D) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells. E) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm.

A) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.

41. A molecule with polar covalent bonds would A) be soluble in water B) not be soluble in water C) contain atoms with very similar electronegativity D) both B and C are correct

A) be soluble in water

23) Which of the following is not a type of lipid? A) cellulose B) phospholipid C) triglyceride D) cholesterol E) unsaturated fat

A) cellulose

26) The secretion of cells certain biological molecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane is called A) exocytosis B) endocytosis C) active transport D) passive transport

A) exocytosis

27) Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Nucleotides are to ___________ as ___________ are to proteins. A) nucleic acids; amino acids B) amino acids; polypeptides C) glycosidic linkages; polypeptide linkages D) genes; enzymes E) polymers; polypeptides

A) nucleic acids; amino acids

38. The isotopes Carbon -12 and Carbon -14 differ in A) the number of neutrons B) the number of protons C) the number of electrons D) Both B and C

A) the number of neutrons

42. Hydrogen bonds are formed A). between any molecule that contains hydrogen B) only between water molecules C) when hydrogen is a part of a polar bond D) when two atoms of hydrogen share an electron

B) only between water molecules

27) Which organic compound is not only responsible for energy storage, but also can provide thermal insulation? a. lipids b. proteins d. carbohydrates c. nucleic acids e. monosaccharides

A. Lipids

37) An atom with a net positive charge must have more A) protons than neutrons B) protons than electrons C) electrons than neutrons D) electrons than protons

B) protons than electrons

1) A hypothesis in Biology is best described as A) A possible explanation of an observation. B) An observation that supports a theory. C) A general principal that explains some aspect of life. D) An unchanging statement that predicts some aspect of life

B) An observation that supports a theory.

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Bacteria and Archaea C) Archaea and Protista D) Bacteria and Protista E) Bacteria and Fungi

B) Bacteria and Archaea

43. How is a polymer formed from multiple monomer? A) From the growth of the chain of carbon atoms B) By the removal of an OH group and a hydrogen atom C) By the addition of an OH group and a hydrogen atom D) Through hydrogen bonding

B) By the removal of an OH group and a hydrogen atom

46. A molecule of DNA and RNA is a polymer of A) Monosaccharides B) Nucleotides C) Amino Acids D) Fatty acids

B) Nucleotides

11) Which of the following is CORRECT about osmosis? A) Osmosis is the diffusion of salt molecules through the plasma membrane. B) Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through the plasma membrane. C) Osmosis is the diffusion of hydrophilic molecules through the plasma membrane. D) Osmosis is the diffusion of hydrophobic molecules through the plasma membrane

B) Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through the plasma membrane.

19) In DNA, cytosine binds to guanine. In RNA, cytosine binds to: A) guanine B) cytosine C) uracil D) thymine

B) cytosine

48. Bond between water molecules in a glass of water A) Polar covalent B) Nonpolar covalent C) Hydrogen D) Ionic E) Van der Waals forces

C) Hydrogen

8) The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because A) the oxygen atom acquires an additional electron. B) the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus. C) the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms. D) the oxygen atom forms hybrid orbitals that distribute electrons unequally around the oxygen nucleus. E) one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom.

B) the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus .

21) Which of the following best describes enthalpy (H)? A) the total kinetic energy of a system B) the heat content of a chemical system C) the system's entropy D) the cell's energy equilibrium E) the condition of a cell that is not able to react

B) the heat content of a chemical system

36) The property that distinguishes the atom of one element (carbon, for example) from the atom of another element (oxygen, for example) A) the number of electrons B) the number of protons C) the number of neutrons D) the number of protons and neutrons

B) the number of protons

2) Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in the A)plasma membrane. B)nucleus. C)nucleoid. D)nucleolus. E)nucleotide.

B)nucleus.

3) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) lipids B) glycogen C) proteins D) cellulose E) nucleic acids

C) proteins

49. What is the complementary DNA strand to the following nitrogenous bas sequence AAAGCCTTT A.UUUCGGAAA B.TTTCGGAAA C.GGGTCCUUU D.AAAGCCTTT E. None of the above

B.TTTCGGAAA

10) Which molecule shown above is a thiol? A) A B) B C) C(COOH) D) D E) E

C

39. Ionic bods arise from A) Shared valence electrons B) Attractions between valence electrons C) Charge attractions between valence electrons D) Attractions between ions of opposite charge

C) Charge attractions between valence electrons

3) Why is each element unique and different from other elements in chemical properties? A) Each element has a unique atomic mass. B) Each element has a unique atomic weight. C) Each element has a unique atomic number and number of protons in its nucleus. D) Each element has a unique number of neutrons in its nucleus. E) Each element has different radioactive properties

C) Each element has a unique atomic number and number of protons in its nucleus.

10) Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? A) It is very rapid over long distances. B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. E) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane.

C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

47. Bonds between the amino acids of a polypeptide A) glycosidic bond B) Diester Bond C) Peptide bond D) Ionic Bond E. Both C and D

C) Peptide bond

45. Which carbohydrate would you find as a part of a molecule of RNA? A) Galactose B) Deoxyribose C) Ribose D) Glucose

C) Ribose

14) The movement of potassium in (K+ ) into an animal cell requires A) low cellular concentrations of sodium. B) high cellular concentrations of potassium. C) an energy source such as ATP. D) a cotransport protein. E) a potassium channel protein.

C) an energy source such as ATP.

17) According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly A) spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. B) confined to the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. C) embedded in a lipid bilayer. D) randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside polarity. E) free to depart from the fluid membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution

C) embedded in a lipid bilayer.

6) The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals A) enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops. B) enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids. C) enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids. D) makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell. E) makes the animal more susceptible to circulatory disorders.

C) enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.

16) Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is A) hypotonic. B) plasmolyzed. C) isotonic. D) saturated. E) hypertonic.

C) isotonic.

4) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

C) mitochondrion

9) Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer at all? A) transmembrane proteins B) integral proteins C) peripheral proteins D) integrins E) glycoproteins

C) peripheral proteins

18) Chloroplast are organelles found in plant cells, they function in _______. A) protein synthesis B) production of ATP C) photosynthesis D) final modification of proteins, lipid assembly, and packaging E) initial modification of new polypeptide chains

C) photosynthesis

15) The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that A) pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well. B) pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area. C) pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity. D) pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not. E) pinocytosis can concentrate substances from the extracellular fluid, but receptor-mediated endocytosis cannot.

C) pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity.

The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as A) optical isomers. B) enantiomers. C) structural isomers. D) cis-trans isomers. E) chain length isomers.

C) structural isomers.

31) The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ΔG =ΔH - TΔS. Which of the following is (are) correct? A) ΔS is the change in enthalpy, a measure of randomness. B) ΔH is the change in entropy, the energy available to do work. C) ΔG is the change in free energy. D) T is the temperature in degrees Celsius.

C) ΔG is the change in free energy.

30) When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated? A) It is used to power yet more cellular work. B) It is used to store energy as more ATP. C) It is used to generate ADP from nucleotide precursors. D) It is lost to the environment. E) It is transported to specific organs such as the brain.

D) It is lost to the environment.

7) According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? A) They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. B) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. C) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. D) They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution. E) They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.

D) They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.

50) The cell theory states that A) cells are small B) cells are highly organized C) there is only one basic type of cell D) all living things are made up of cells

D) all living things are made up of cells

25) In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is concentrated in a region called the A) nucleus B) mitochondria C) nendoplasmic reticulum D) nucleoid E) none of the above

D) nucleoid

2) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen E) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium

D. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

24) Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) selective acceleration of chemical reactions B) support C) transport of other substances D) protection against disease E) all of the above

E) all of the above

5) Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? A) phospholipids and cellulose B) nucleic acids and proteins C) phospholipids and proteins D) proteins and cellulose E) glycoproteins and cholesterol

E) glycoproteins and cholesterol

22). The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by A) polar covalent bonds D) inert bonds B) nonpolar covalent bonds E) hydrogen bonds C) ionic bonds

E) hydrogen bonds

12) Water passes quickly through cell membranes because A) the bilayer is hydrophilic. B) it moves through hydrophobic channels. C) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis. D) it is a small, polar, charged molecule. E) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.

E) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.

5) Which of the following would be regarded as compounds? A) H2O, O2, and CH4 B) H2O and O2 C) O2 and CH4 D) CH4 and O2, but not H2O E) H2O and CH4, but not O2

E.H2O and CH4, but not O2

38) During a redox reaction the molecule that gains an electron has been a) Reduced and now has a higher energy level b) Oxidized and now has a lower energy level c) Reduced and now has a lower energy level d) Oxidized and now has a higher energy level

a) Reduced and now has a higher energy level

h of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below where both have an atomic number of 1? Atom 1 Atom 2 A) They are isomers. B) They are polymers. C) They are isotopes. D) They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively. E) They each contain 1 neutron.

They are Isotopes

7) What results from the chemical reaction illustrated above? A) a cation with a net charge of +1 B) a cation with a net charge of -1 C) an anion with a net charge of +1 D) an anion with a net charge of -1 E) a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1

a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1

35) Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for bringing material into the cell? a) Exocytosis b) Endocytosis c) Pinocytosis d) Phagocytosis e) Receptor mediated endocytosis

a) Exocytosis

34)Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols? a. A (-OH) b. B c. C d. D e. E

a. A (-OH)

26) How does a prokaryotic cell differ from a eukaryotic cell? a. A prokaryotic cell has no membrane-enclosed organelles. b. A prokaryotic cell has a plasma membrane. c. A prokaryotic cell contains organelles. d. A prokaryotic cell has a nu

a. A prokaryotic cell has no membrane-enclosed organelles.

8) What is the difference between an electrically neutral atom and an ion? a. An ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons, while an atom has an equal number. b. An ion has an equal number of protons and electrons, while an atom has an unequal number. c. An atom has an unequal number of neutrons and protons, while an ion has an equal number. d. An atom has its electrons in orbitals, while an ion has its electrons in its nucleus.

a. An ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons, while an atom has an equal number.

44) Energy harvested from organic molecules is contained in the a. Chemical bond b. Protons of each atom c. Neutrons of each atom d. Size of the carbon chain e. Structure of the carbon chain

a. Chemical bond

42) Plants are able to make their own organic compounds through a process called a. Photosynthesis b. Heterosynthesis c. Chemosynthesis d. Biosynthesis e. Biogenesis

a. Photosynthesis

29) The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their: a. R or variable groups. b. number of potassium groups. c. number of phosphate groups. d. number of carbonyl groups. e. number of asymmetric carbons.

a. R or variable groups.

When a small amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution does not change markedly. The pH also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this same solution. Based on these observations, the compound Na2HPO4 is: a. acting as a buffer. b. acting as a solvent. c. able to donate hydrogen atoms to HCl. d. able to remove hydrogen ions from the OH− of NaOH. e. an enzyme facilitating the reaction between HCl and NaOH.

a. acting as a buffer.

COOH group is a(n) __________ group a. carboxyl b. hydroxyl c. amino d. methyl e. carbonyl

a. carboxyl

What represents the most basic level of biological organization that can carry out all properties of life? a. cell b. atom c. tissue d. molecule e. organism

a. cell

4) Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins? a. hydrogen bonds b. ionic interactions c. polar covalent bonds d. hydrophobic interactions e. nonpolar covalent bonds

a. hydrogen bonds

What substance is removed during a dehydration reaction? a. water b. a dimer c. a polymer d. a hydrocarbon e. a carboxyl group

a. water

32) Which of the following schemas represent the most accurate organization of life? a.biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms → cells → organelle → atoms b.ecosystems → biosphere → communities → populations → organisms → cells → organelles → atoms c.ecosystems → biosphere → communities → organisms → populations → cells → organelles → atoms d.communities → biosphere → organisms → ecosystems → populations → cells → organelles → atoms e.communities → biosphere → organisms → ecosystems → populations → organelles → atoms → cells

a.biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms → cells → organelle → atoms

37) A covalent bond between two atoms represents what kind of energy a) Kinetic energy b) Potential energy c) Mechanic energy d) Solar energy

b) Potential energy

36) Cells immersed in a solution of salt and sugar respond by shrinking. From this we would infer that: a) The solution is isotonic b) The solution is hepertonic c) The solution is hypotonic d) We know nothing about the solution

b) The solution is hepertonic

32)All eukaryotic cells possess each of the following except a) mitochondrion b) cell wall c) cytoskeleton d) nucleus

b) cell wall

4) Which is a property of unsaturated fats? a. They are more common in animals. b. They are generally liquid at room temperature. c. They have no double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. d. They have fewer fatty acids per fat molecule than do saturated fats. e. They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

b. They are generally liquid at room temperature.

9) The cohesiveness between water molecules is due largely to: a. ionic bonds. b. hydrogen bonds. c. polar covalent bonds. d. nonpolar covalent bonds. e. hydrophobic interactions

b. hydrogen bonds.

3) In living organisms, the sum total of all of chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as: a. development b. metabolism c. adaptation d. genetics

b. metabolism

Which of the following is not a property of life? A) Energy utilization B) Movement C) Order D) Homeostasis

b. movement

0) Which of the following chemical bonds is due to equal sharing of electrons and is non-soluble in water? a. polar covalent bonds b. non-polar bonds c. Ionic bonds d. Hydrogen bonds e. Peptide bonds

b. non-polar bonds

7) All of the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute a(n): a. individual b. population c. community d. Ecosystem

b. population

28) Sugar dissolves readily in water because it is a(n) ____ substance. a. adhesive b. Cohesive c. hydrophilic d. Hydrophobic e. evaporative

c. hydrophilic

48) In which process does a substance loses electrons? a. entropy b. enthalpy c. oxidation d. reduction e. anabolism

c. oxidation

40) Energy contained in organic molecules is a form of a. kinetic energy. b. activation energy. c. potential energy. d. cosmic energy. e. any of these.

c. potential energy

33) Which of the following statements is not a part of the cell theory? a) All organisms ae composed of one or more cells. b) Cells come from other cells by division. c) Cells are the smallest living things. d) Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells

d) Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells

39) Feedback inhibition is a n efficient wat to control a metabolic pathway because the a) First enzyme in a pathway is inhibited by its own product b) Last enzyme in a pathway is inhibited by its own product c) First enzyme in a pathway is inhibited by the end product of the pathway d) Last enzyme in a pathway is inhibited by the end-product of the pathway.

d) Last enzyme in a pathway is inhibited by the end-product of the pathway.

34) A cell can use the process of facilitated diffusion to a) Concentrate a molecule such as glucose inside a cell. b) Move ions or large polar molecules across the membrane regardless of concentration. c) Remove all toxic molecules from a cell. d) Move ions or large polar molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

d) Move ions or large polar molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

50) Where is the energy stored in a molecule of ATP? a) Within the bonds between the nitrogen and carbon b) In the carbon-to-carbon bonds found in the ribose c) in the oxygen to phosphorous double bond d) in the bonds connect the two terminal phosphate groups

d) in the bonds connect the two terminal phosphate groups

44. Plant cells store energy in the form of _____, and animal cells store energy in the form of _____. A) fructose; glucose B) disaccharides; monosaccharides C) cellulose; chitin d) starch; glycogen

d) starch; glycogen

43) A rabbit harvests its food and energy source from plants, while green plants make their own food and obtain energy from the sun. From that point of view, a rabbit would be considered to be a(an) while a green plant would be a (an) a Eukaryote; prokaryote b. Autotroph or producer; heterotroph or consumer c. Prokaryote; eukaryote d. Heterotrophy or consumer; autotroph/ producer e. Chemoautotroph; chemoheterotroph

d. Heterotrophy or consumer; autotroph/ producer

47) Which best describes a catabolic reaction? a. It involves the expenditure of energy. b. It involves the anabolic production of complex molecules. c. It involves the breakdown of life sustaining processes within cells. d. It involves the breakdown of large organic molecules to simple building blocks. e. It involves the building up of complex organic molecules from simple building blocks.

d. It involves the breakdown of large organic molecules to simple building blocks.

41) Which of the following cellular organelles are responsible for photosynthesis in green plants? a. vesicles b. central vacuoles c. mitochondria d. chloroplasts e. inclusion bodies

d. chloroplasts

2) An amino group is weakly basic and includes a(n) ____ atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. a. sulfur b. carbon c. oxygen d. nitrogen e. Phosphate

d. nitrogen

5) The chemical behavior of an atom is determined most directly by the: a. atomic number. b. atomic weight. c. number of neutrons. d. number of valence electrons

d. number of valence electrons

31) What organic molecules is the primary structural component of cell membranes? a. cellulose b. glycogen c. disaccharides d. phospholipids e. adenine triphosphate

d. phospholipids

45) The ultimate energy source for food production is a. the grocery store. b. the soil. c. certain green plants. d. the sun.

d. the sun.

2) Which statement best summarizes the differences between RNA and DNA? a. RNA is a single-stranded form of DNA. b. DNA is a polymer and RNA is a monomer. c. RNA is a protein and DNA is a nucleic acid. d. DNA is the primary energy currency of all cells. e. DNA comprises the genes, while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis.

e. DNA comprises the genes, while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis.

46) Why are enzymes considered important biological catalysts? a. Enzymes lower the entropy of a biochemical reaction. b. Enzymes decrease the enthalpy of a biochemical reaction. c. Enzymes increase the free energy of a biochemical reaction. d. Enzymes supply the energy to initiate a biochemical reaction. e. Enzymes speed up the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy .

e. Enzymes speed up the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

1) Why can table salt (NaCl) dissolve easily in water? a. Water can add electrons to the sodium ion. b. Water can form covalent linkages with salt molecules. c. Water can remove electrons from the chloride ion, which causes the latter to dissociate from the sodium and dissolve. d. Water is polar and salt is nonpolar. Nonpolar compounds are more soluble in polar solvents because they are able to form strong covalent bonds that result in a breaking up of the molecule being dissolved. e. The partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom

e. The partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom

33) When applying the process of science, which of these is tested? a. a question b. a result c. an observation d. a prediction e. a hypothesis

e. a hypothesis

30) The primary purpose of homeostasis is to: a. accept responses to stimuli b. provide unlimited growth within an organism c. allow unrestricted movement of an organism d. convert an organism to live in a harmful environment e. maintain a constant internal environment

e. maintain a constant internal environment

49) Which of the following accurately represents the relationship between the terms anabolism, catabolism, and metabolism? a. anabolism = catabolism b. metabolism = catabolism c. catabolism = anabolism + metabolism d. anabolism = catabolism + metabolism e. metabolism = catabolism + anabolism

e. metabolism = catabolism + anabolism