Biology 9

Check the statements below that do not provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. A. The DNA in the nucleus and mitochondria are the same. B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow independently from the cell. C. Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are all the same size. D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes.

A

Which statement is evidence used to support the endosymbiotic theory? A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA. B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by one membrane. C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce similar to eukaryotic cells: through mitosis.

A

What is a single cells role?

A cell that preforms all of the functions in a living organism

What is cytoplasm?

A jelly like fluid inside the cell that supports and protects the organelles in a cell

What is a vacuole?

A membrane bond space in the cytoplasm

What is DNA?

A nucleic acid that contains all genetic information about an organism

What is the cell membrane?

A protective wall like layer that holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Termites share an endosymbiotic relationship with the protozoan that live in their gut. Which statements are true of this relationship? Check all that apply. A. The termite benefits from the relationship by receiving food from the protozoan. B. The protozoan benefits from the relationship by receiving shelter and food from the termite. C. Protozoan only exist inside termites.

A; B

Mitochondrial DNA can be taken from bone, hair, or teeth and used in DNA typing. What are the benefits to using mitochondrial DNA over nuclear DNA? A. mtDNA requires a much smaller sample than nuclear DNA. B. mtDNA is useful if the nuclear DNA is degraded. C. mtDNA is inherited from the mother and father's egg cells, unlike nuclear DNA. D. mtDNA is present in all maternal relatives of the person being investigated.

A; B; D

Which cell structures are seen in all cell types? Check all that apply. A. DNA B. cytoplasm C. nucleus D. ribosomes E. cell membrane

A; B; D; E

What are the differences in the internal structures of the cells in a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cells? Check all that apply. A. There are fewer structures in the cell on the top. B. All the structures are the same. C. The structures in the cells are similar.

A; C

Examples of eukaryote organisms.

All animals, plants, fungi, and protists (micro organisms)

How did they believe

An aerobic bacterium was ingested by a prokaryotic cell which then is covered in a vacuole and evolves into a....

What is a ribosome?

An organelle that makes proteins

What is a eukaryote?

An organism composed of one or more cells that contain internal membrane bound structures (usually multicellular)

How is mitochondrial DNA used in science? Choose the correct answer. A. mtDNA is used to convict criminals by connecting the DNA found at a crime scene to relatives on the father's side. B. mtDNA is used to connect DNA samples to the mother in missing-person cases. C. mtDNA is used to match nuclear and mitochondrial DNA to victims of a crime scene.

B

Which definition describes endosymbiosis best? A. a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on the other organism and both organisms benefit B. a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives inside the other and both organisms benefit C. a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other organism is harmed

B

What are some examples of prokaryote organisms?

Bacteria or archaea

Is it possible today for a eukaryotic cell to live without mitochondria or chloroplasts? Choose the best answer below. A. Yes, cells can live without mitochondria and chloroplasts. They can be replaced with other organelles. B. No, cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the DNA the cell needs to survive. C. No, eukaryotic cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the energy cells need to survive.

C

All cells share... A. A prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell B. The same basic external structure C. The same internal structure D. The same shape

C.

What is the difference between DNA in a prokaryote cell and DNA in a eukaryote cell? A. The prokaryote DNA is located in the cytoplasm and the eukaryote cell is located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm B. The eukaryote DNA is located in the cytoplasm and the eukaryote cell is located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm C. There is no present DNA in a prokaryotic cell but the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is located in the nucleus D. The prokaryotic cell's DNA is found in the cytoplasm while the DNA in a eukaryote cell is located in the nucleus.

D

What does prokaryotic mean?

DNA, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes

What are all of the internal structures all cells share?

DNA, ribosomes, Cytoplasm, the cell membrane

Which type of cell (prokaryote or eukaryote) can have more than one cell type?

Eukaryote

_______are organisms that contain more than one cell with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.

Eukaryotes

T/F Cells are not the basic structures of all living things

False

T/F Humans an have eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

False

T/F In multicellular eukaryotes, two cell performs a specialized function (Ex. heart cells form the heart and preform heart functions and brain cells form the brain and preform brain functions)

False

T/F In symbiosis both organisms always benefit

False

T/F Organelles can only my membrane bound.

False

T/F There is only one type of cell in the world?

False

T/F prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

False

Where are organelles (DNA, Ribosomes) located in the prokaryotic cell?

In the cytoplasm

What is another role of a cell membrane other than a barrier from the outside?

It controls what can get in and out of the cell

Where is the DNA located in the cell other than the

Nucleus

Organisms that contain only one cell and do not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles are known as........

Prokaryotes

What evidence shows that the endosymbiotic theory process is true?

The two organelles both contain their own ribosomes, they are both the same size as prokaryotic cells, they both contain their own DNA, they both grow and reproduced independently from the cell

Who was Dr. Lynn Margulis?

The women who validated the endosybiotic

(T/F) Symbiosis describes a relationship in which two organisms live together and mutually benefit.

True

T/F Cells have similar structures including DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes and the cell membrane

True

T/F Cells share the same common structure

True

T/F Cells were named by a man named Robert Hooke

True

T/F Eukaryotic cells are more complex than Prokaryotic cells?

True

T/F Eukaryotic cells contain a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

True

T/F In endosymbiosis both organisms benefit always

True

T/F In multicellular eukaryotes, one cell performs a specialized function (Ex. heart cells form the heart and preform heart functions and brain cells form the brain and preform brain functions)

True

T/F It is believed that the mitochondria and the chloroplast were once prokaryotes and they were involved with endisymbiosis to produce eukaryotic cell

True

T/F Mitochondrial DNA can impact so many different fields in science

True

T/F Some single cells had stages of which they were multicellular for a brief point of time

True

T/F The DNA in the mitochondria and cytoplast and similar to bacterial DNA

True

T/F The cytoplasm protects the DNA

True

How was chloroplast created?

When a cyanobacteria was ingested prokaryotic cell which then evolves into a....

What does phagocytosis mean?

The cellular process of eating solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal vacuole in the cell

It is believed mitochondria evolved from...

aerobic bacteria

while chloroplasts evolved from...

cyanobacteria

What are a trait s of the mitochondrial DNA

inherited maternally (comes from a mother)

What does symbiosis mean?

interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both but not always.

What are organelles?

specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions

What is endosymbiosis?

symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other.

What does the endosymbiosis theory explain?

the origin of the two organelles found in eukaryotic cells which are the mitochondria and the chloroplast

What can mitochondrial DNA be used for?

to analyze crime scenes, identify different people and find missing people

What is a prokaryote?

unicellular organism that lacks internal membrane bound structure such as a nucleus (usually single celled)