Psychology Exam #3
Which theory of emotions fits the experience of seeing a deer jump in front of your car while driving down the road, then experience heart pounding, hands trembling, and emotion of fear that happen simultaneously? a. James-Lange Theory b. Cannon-Bard Theory c. Two - Factor Model d. LeDoux's Dual-Pathway Model
Cannon-Bard Theory
What theory is our attractive to a particular goal or object motivates much of our behavior? a. instinct theory b. drive theory c. incentive theory d. determination theory
Incentive theory
Problem solving involves______ a. Making a final decision as soon as you see the problem b. A systematic and organized way of solving a problem depending on the nature. c. Asking your parents for help d. Thinking of ways in which to not have to deal with the problem.
Making a final decision as soon as you see the problem
True or False. Creativity can be measured in different ways but most commonly through tests that lap divergent thinking.
True
True or False. Patrick feels as if his best friend can go hang out with other people and not talk bad about him. he trusts him. Trust is a natural concept.
True
True or False. The availability heuristic is the tendency to base decisions on examples we most easily recall or bring to mind.
True
True or False. The basic units of sound in a spoken language are called phonemes.
True
True or False. The best or most typical concept is called a prototype.
True
True or False. The universally recognized emotions are anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness, and surprise.
True
True or False. When you follow an algorithm step by step it always produces the correct solution.
True
The Instinct Theory, stating that behavior is motivated by influences was created by: a. Sigmund Freud b. Howard Gardner c. William James d. Charles Spearman
William James
Barbara uses long division to work out a complicated math problem. This is an example of a(n) _____. a. algorithm b. heuristic c. natural concept d. logical concept
algorithm
What is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem? a. heuristic b. trial and error c. algorithm d. insight
algorithm
__________ is a procedure or method when followed step by step always produces the correct answer. a. trial and error b. strategy c. scientific method d. algorithm
algorithm
Susie realized that she had 10 algebra problems to complete for homework, she uses _______ thinking to solve her problems. a. heuristic b. cognitive c. algorithmic d. semantic
algorithmic
John is shopping and has been purchasing products that he has recently seen advertised on TV, what is this an example of? a. representativeness heuristic b. confirmation bias c. additive model d. availability heuristic
availability heuristic
What is NOT a typical symptom of bulimia? a. binging b. purging c. being in a constant state of starvation d. a messed up set point
being in a constant state of starvation
What are three basic components of Emotions? a. bodily arousal, cognitions, and expressed behavior b. attraction, cognitions, and expressed behavior c. expressed behavior, realization, and attraction d. cognitions, realization, and bodily arousal
bodily arousal, cognitions, and expressed behavior
What is an example of natural concept? a. bus/car b. park bench c. horses d. sweatpants
bus/car
___________ refers to mental activity involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge. a. thinking b. cognition c. mental image d. brainstorming
cognition
What is conceptual combination? a. combining two or more concepts into one can result in novel ideas b. is expanding familiar concepts c. taking a part a concept d. the comparison between two things based on their similar features or properties
combining two or more concepts into one can result in novel ideas
In language development, what vocal activity does a 24 to 36 month old baby have? a. crying b. one-word phrases c. babbling d. complex speech
complex speech
Using ___________ makes it easier to communicate with others, remember information and learn new information. a. models b. pictures c. concepts d. maps
concepts
What are concepts? a. concepts are a mental category we have formed to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics b. concepts are a collection of thoughts that depict an image in your head c. concepts are the different ways we digests directions or information d. concepts are different areas of the brain
concepts are a mental category we have formed to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics
What are logical concepts? a. concepts with clearly defined rules for membership b. concepts with poorly defined for fuzzy rules for memberships c. a step by step set of rules that will always lead to a correct solution to a problem d. process of mentally representing and manipulating information
concepts with clearly defined rules for memberhsip
How is functional fixedness overcome? a. addictive model b. creative thinking and/or thinking outside of the box c. single feature model d. tunnel vision
creative thinking and/or thinking outside of the box
______ is the generation of novel, workable products or ideas. a. language b. problem solving c. creativity d. concept formation
creativity
Cultural customs and norms that govern the display of emotional expressions are called _________. a. cultural thinking b. logical thinking c. display rules d. facial-feedback hypothesis
display rules
_____ the ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new users for familiar objects. a. convergent thinking b. conceptual expansion c. divergent thinking d. availability heuristic
divergent thinking
What is the difference between divergent and convergent thinking? a. Divergent thinking is an attempt to conceive new ways of thinking, while convergent is an attempt to find one correct way of thinking. b. convergent thinking is an attempt to conceive new ways of thinking, while divergent is an attempt to find one correct way of thinking c. divergent thinking requires a specific thought process to occur d. convergent thinking only occurs in children
divergent thinking is an attempt to conceive new ways of thinking, while convergent is an attempt to find one correct way of thinking
Forming a concept by learning a rule or features that define the particular concept is called? a. informal concept b. formal concept c. prototype concept d. classical concept
formal concept
When you solve a problem by doing the usual customary way it is _______? a. functional fixedness b. mental set c. ridge mental d. simplify choice
functional fixedness
Eating restores ____________, by bringing blood sugar levels back into balance and replenishing fat cells. a. hypothalamus b. ventromedial c. happiness d. homeostasis
homeostasis
Which of the following is not of the three general rules for brainstorming? a. write down as many solutions to the problem as you can think of b. not sharing proposed ideas with others c. seek unusual, remote, or even weird ideas d. suspend judgement
not sharing proposed ideas with others
Which method of thinking is representative heuristic? a. doing research for an English paper b. not knowing what candy to buy, so you randomly choose one c. buying a pair of Nike shoes because all of your friends wear them d. purchasing a house after going on one house tour
purchasing a house after going on one house tour
In the decision-making process, the tendency to judge a person by their first impression is a type of which mental roadblock? a. availability Heuristic b. confirmation bias c. representativeness heuristic d. functional fixedness
representativeness heuristic
What obstacle for problem solving may lead us to make more of something than we should? a. confirmation bias b. representativeness heuristic c. mental set d. creativity
representativeness heuristic
_______ may lead us to make more of something than we should. a. available heuristic b. confirmation bias c. representativeness heuristic d. single feature model
representativeness heuristic
What is the relationship between creativity and general intelligence? a. a person with higher general intelligence will almost always be more creative b. a person with lower general intelligence will have the lowest creativity c. a person with lower general intelligence is the most creative d. there is no real correlation between the two
there is no real correlation between the two
The rules of grammar that dictate how words are laid out in sentences or phrases to form useful expressions are known as: a. language b. syntax c. grammar d. semantics
syntax
Which of the following best describes a prototype? a. the most typical instance of a particular concept. b. a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people c. a mental category that is formed as a result of everyday experiences d. a concept that has not been formed yet
the most typical instance of a particular concept
What is syntax? . the set of rules governing the meaning of words b. the rules of grammar c. the different types of concepts
the rules of grammar
Confirmation bias is defined as: a. basing decisions on examples that we most easily recall or bring to mind b. a general rule of thumb that may or may not work c. the tendency to stick to an initial hypothesis even in the face of strong contrary evidence d. the language we use determines how we think and how we perceive reality
the tendency ot stick to an initial hypothesis evein in the face of strong contrary evidence
When talking about solving problems, what does confirmation bias mean? a. the tendency to stick to an initial hypothesis even in the face of strong contrary evidence b. looking at the presented problem and analyzing it before making a new hypothesis c. the solution to the hypothesis seems to arise in a sudden realization or flash of insight d. none of the above
the tendency to stick to an initial hypothesis even in the face of strong contrary evidence
A broad term that refers to how we use knowledge to analyze situations, solve problems, and make decisions is ______? a. thinking b. heuristic c. analogy d. divergent thinking
thinking
What is the broad term that refers to how we use our knowledge to analyze situations, problems and find solutions? a. thinking b. brainstorming c. memorizing d. retrieval
thinking
_____ is a broad term that refers to how we use knowledge to analyze. a. knowledge b. intelligence c. thinking d. concept
thinking
Sternberg's __________ has three aspects of intelligence: analytic, creative and practical. a. primary mental abilities b. triarchic theory of intelligence c. multiple intelligence d. intelligence quotient
triarchic theory of intelligence
True or False. Creativity is distinct form general intelligence.
true
What acts as an off and on switch that signals when it is time to stop eating? a. hypothalamus b. forebrain c. nervous system d. ventromedial Hypothalamus
ventromedial hypothalamus
A measure of intelligence based on performance on tests of mental abilities, expressed as a ratio between one's mental age and chronological age or derived from the deviation of one's scores fro the norms for those of one's age group is referred to as __________. a. mental age b. thinking c. logical thinking d. intelligence quotient
intelligence quotient
The need for achievement is a drive by______ & _________ motivation(s). a. outer, inner b. intrinsic, extrinsic c. short-term, long-term d. present,future
intrinsic,extrinsic
What hypothesis did Noam Chomsky formulate? a. Whorfian hypothesis b. Linguistics relativity hypothesis c. language acquisition device d. semantics hypothesis
language acquisition device
What is an example of an algorithm? a. decision making b. mathematical formula c. trial and error d. all of the above
mathematical formula
A mental representation of an object or event is ____________. a. concept b. mental screening c. cognitive picture d. mental image
mental image
What is a mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present? a. thinking image b. cognitive image c. physical image d. mental image
mental image
The tendency to rely on strategies that worked well in similar situations in the past is called : a. Heuristic b. Confirmation Bias c. Decision Making d. Mental Set
mental set
Which concept is a concept formed as a result of everyday experience rather than logically determining whether an object or event fits a specific set of rules? a. cognition b. thinking c. natural concept d. algorithm
natural concept
What level is food, water, sleep, air, shelter and clothing on Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. 1 b. 5 c. 3 d. 4
1
Who developed the type of intelligence test in use today? a. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon b. B.F. Skinner and Theodore Simon c. Jean Piaget and Alfred Binet d. Sigmund Freud and Albert Bandura
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
What part of the brain works as a "gate" and triggers the hear response when hearing screams during a scary moving or riding a roller coaster? a. Amygdala b. Hippocampus c. Cerebral Cortex d. Limbic System
Amygdala
True or False. People with above average IQ are more creative than people at or below average IQ.
False
True or False. Representativeness heuristic is the tendency to base decisions because it is most easy to recall. While available heuristic may lead us to make more of something than we should.
False
True or False. When it comes to creative problem solving, learning new information and then sleeping on it will not help you retain more of what you learned.
False
True or False. There are 10 Universal Facial Expressions.
False.
The belief that emotions occur after people become aware of their physiological responses to the triggering stimuli is referred to as _______. a. James-Lange theory b. Cannon-Bard Theory c. Two-Factor Model d. Dual-Pathway Model of Fear: "Feel First, Think Second"
James-Lange Theory
Who believed in the "language acquisition device"? a. William James b. Noam Chomsky c. Nick Whorfian d. Ivan Pavlov
Noam Chomsky
The 3 basic units of sound is called ________ and they are combined to form ______________. a. Voices, Letter b. Syntax, Alphabet c. Phoneomes, Morphomes d. Noam Chumsky, Semantics
Phoneomes, Morphomes
True or False. Algorithms and Heuristics are both part of problem solving.
True
True or False. Alogorithms can be of use outside mathematics.
True
Sternberg's __________ has three aspects of intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical. a. primary mental abilities b. triarchic theory of intelligence c. multiple intelligences d. Intelligence quotient
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
True or False. A mental image is the picture or representation of an object or event.
True
In regards to problem solving, what is a heuristics? a. general rule of thumb strategy that may or may not work b. complex evaluation of the importance features of problem solving c. making a strategy to simplify the choice over alternatives d. heroic thoughts about yourself that help problem solving
a general rule of thumb strategy that may or may not work
What is algorithm? a. a procedure that when followed correctly step by step will create a correct solution b. a general rule of thumb strategy that may or may not work c. a strategy of trial and error until the correct solution is found d. coded writing
a procedure that when followed correctly step by step will create a correct solution
Problem solving involves _________. a. making a final decision as soon as you see the problem b. a systematic and organized way of solving a problem depending on the nature c. asking your parents for help d. thinking of ways in which to not have to deal with the problem
a systematic and organized way of solving a problem depending on the nature
What would be an optimal way to test a person on their creativity? a. a multiple-choice test history test b. a survey c. open note exam fill in the blank test d. a test where the person selects all answers that apply
a test where the person selects all answers that apply
Strategy of trial infers _____. a. a trial and error that involves trying a variety of solutions and eliminating those that don't work b. a trial and error process in which the tester runs through every possible outcome c. an order to simplify the choice over many alternatives, you base your decisions on a single feature/aspect d. a trial and error that involves attempting to discover the one solution that does not work
a trial and error that involves trying a variety of solutions and eliminating those that don't work
What is the difference between divergent thinking and cognitive thinking? a. divergent thinking views situations diversely; convergent thinking converges into one way of thinking b. convergent thinking views situations diversely; divergent thinking converges into one way of thinking c. divergent thinking combines concepts into one concept to create novel ideas; convergent thinking expands on familiar concepts d. Convergent thinking combines concepts into one concept to create novel ideas; divergent thinking expands on familiar concepts
divergent thinking views situations diversely; convergent thinking converges into one way of thinking
What does divergent mean in Psychology? a. diverse b. the same ways c. one solution d. narrow
diverse
Bob feels very hungry so he goes to McDonald's and gets a burger. What would you call the satisfaction Bob gets from eating the burger? a. Drive reduction b. Need reduction c. Drive addition d. Need addition
drive reduction
What is creativity? a. explaining familiar concepts by applying them to new users b. originality of thought associated with the development of new, workable products or solutions to problems c. rule of thumb for solving problems or making judgements or decisions d. concepts with poorly defined or fuzzy rules for membership
originality of thought associated with the development of new, workable products or solutions to problems
No matter what language a person speaks one can still see a person's emotions based on their facial expressions. Which of the following is NOT a universally identified facial expression? a. anger b. pain c. disgust d. surprise
pain
The basic unit of sound is called? a. phonemes b. decibels c. hertz d. allophones
phonemes
The 3 basic units of sound is called _____ and they are combined to form _______. a. voices, letter b. syntax, alphabet c. pheneomenes, morphomes d. noam chumsky, semantics
phoneomes, morphomes
_______ is a cognitive process in which we employ mental strategies to solve problems. a. problem solving b. though processing c. logical processing d. none of the above
problem solving
__________ attachment is the ability as children to show distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose himself upon their return a. Safety b. secure c. insecure d. Separation
secure
Persistent or recurrent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response is referred to as __________. a. biological causes b. sexual dysfunctions c. bulimia nervosa d. eating disorder
sexual dysfunctions
What model explains why many college kids buy meals like ramen noodles or craft mac-n-cheese when they go grocery shopping? a. convergent model b. single feature model c. confirmation model d. additive model
single feature model