Psychology Exam #3

Which theory of emotions fits the experience of seeing a deer jump in front of your car while driving down the road, then experience heart pounding, hands trembling, and emotion of fear that happen simultaneously? a. James-Lange Theory b. Cannon-Bard Theory c. Two - Factor Model d. LeDoux's Dual-Pathway Model

Cannon-Bard Theory

What theory is our attractive to a particular goal or object motivates much of our behavior? a. instinct theory b. drive theory c. incentive theory d. determination theory

Incentive theory

Problem solving involves______ a. Making a final decision as soon as you see the problem b. A systematic and organized way of solving a problem depending on the nature. c. Asking your parents for help d. Thinking of ways in which to not have to deal with the problem.

Making a final decision as soon as you see the problem

True or False. Creativity can be measured in different ways but most commonly through tests that lap divergent thinking.

True

True or False. Patrick feels as if his best friend can go hang out with other people and not talk bad about him. he trusts him. Trust is a natural concept.

True

True or False. The availability heuristic is the tendency to base decisions on examples we most easily recall or bring to mind.

True

True or False. The basic units of sound in a spoken language are called phonemes.

True

True or False. The best or most typical concept is called a prototype.

True

True or False. The universally recognized emotions are anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness, and surprise.

True

True or False. When you follow an algorithm step by step it always produces the correct solution.

True

The Instinct Theory, stating that behavior is motivated by influences was created by: a. Sigmund Freud b. Howard Gardner c. William James d. Charles Spearman

William James

Barbara uses long division to work out a complicated math problem. This is an example of a(n) _____. a. algorithm b. heuristic c. natural concept d. logical concept

algorithm

What is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem? a. heuristic b. trial and error c. algorithm d. insight

algorithm

__________ is a procedure or method when followed step by step always produces the correct answer. a. trial and error b. strategy c. scientific method d. algorithm

algorithm

Susie realized that she had 10 algebra problems to complete for homework, she uses _______ thinking to solve her problems. a. heuristic b. cognitive c. algorithmic d. semantic

algorithmic

John is shopping and has been purchasing products that he has recently seen advertised on TV, what is this an example of? a. representativeness heuristic b. confirmation bias c. additive model d. availability heuristic

availability heuristic

What is NOT a typical symptom of bulimia? a. binging b. purging c. being in a constant state of starvation d. a messed up set point

being in a constant state of starvation

What are three basic components of Emotions? a. bodily arousal, cognitions, and expressed behavior b. attraction, cognitions, and expressed behavior c. expressed behavior, realization, and attraction d. cognitions, realization, and bodily arousal

bodily arousal, cognitions, and expressed behavior

What is an example of natural concept? a. bus/car b. park bench c. horses d. sweatpants

bus/car

___________ refers to mental activity involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge. a. thinking b. cognition c. mental image d. brainstorming

cognition

What is conceptual combination? a. combining two or more concepts into one can result in novel ideas b. is expanding familiar concepts c. taking a part a concept d. the comparison between two things based on their similar features or properties

combining two or more concepts into one can result in novel ideas

In language development, what vocal activity does a 24 to 36 month old baby have? a. crying b. one-word phrases c. babbling d. complex speech

complex speech

Using ___________ makes it easier to communicate with others, remember information and learn new information. a. models b. pictures c. concepts d. maps

concepts

What are concepts? a. concepts are a mental category we have formed to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics b. concepts are a collection of thoughts that depict an image in your head c. concepts are the different ways we digests directions or information d. concepts are different areas of the brain

concepts are a mental category we have formed to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics

What are logical concepts? a. concepts with clearly defined rules for membership b. concepts with poorly defined for fuzzy rules for memberships c. a step by step set of rules that will always lead to a correct solution to a problem d. process of mentally representing and manipulating information

concepts with clearly defined rules for memberhsip

How is functional fixedness overcome? a. addictive model b. creative thinking and/or thinking outside of the box c. single feature model d. tunnel vision

creative thinking and/or thinking outside of the box

______ is the generation of novel, workable products or ideas. a. language b. problem solving c. creativity d. concept formation

creativity

Cultural customs and norms that govern the display of emotional expressions are called _________. a. cultural thinking b. logical thinking c. display rules d. facial-feedback hypothesis

display rules

_____ the ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new users for familiar objects. a. convergent thinking b. conceptual expansion c. divergent thinking d. availability heuristic

divergent thinking

What is the difference between divergent and convergent thinking? a. Divergent thinking is an attempt to conceive new ways of thinking, while convergent is an attempt to find one correct way of thinking. b. convergent thinking is an attempt to conceive new ways of thinking, while divergent is an attempt to find one correct way of thinking c. divergent thinking requires a specific thought process to occur d. convergent thinking only occurs in children

divergent thinking is an attempt to conceive new ways of thinking, while convergent is an attempt to find one correct way of thinking

Forming a concept by learning a rule or features that define the particular concept is called? a. informal concept b. formal concept c. prototype concept d. classical concept

formal concept

When you solve a problem by doing the usual customary way it is _______? a. functional fixedness b. mental set c. ridge mental d. simplify choice

functional fixedness

Eating restores ____________, by bringing blood sugar levels back into balance and replenishing fat cells. a. hypothalamus b. ventromedial c. happiness d. homeostasis

homeostasis

Which of the following is not of the three general rules for brainstorming? a. write down as many solutions to the problem as you can think of b. not sharing proposed ideas with others c. seek unusual, remote, or even weird ideas d. suspend judgement

not sharing proposed ideas with others

Which method of thinking is representative heuristic? a. doing research for an English paper b. not knowing what candy to buy, so you randomly choose one c. buying a pair of Nike shoes because all of your friends wear them d. purchasing a house after going on one house tour

purchasing a house after going on one house tour

In the decision-making process, the tendency to judge a person by their first impression is a type of which mental roadblock? a. availability Heuristic b. confirmation bias c. representativeness heuristic d. functional fixedness

representativeness heuristic

What obstacle for problem solving may lead us to make more of something than we should? a. confirmation bias b. representativeness heuristic c. mental set d. creativity

representativeness heuristic

_______ may lead us to make more of something than we should. a. available heuristic b. confirmation bias c. representativeness heuristic d. single feature model

representativeness heuristic

What is the relationship between creativity and general intelligence? a. a person with higher general intelligence will almost always be more creative b. a person with lower general intelligence will have the lowest creativity c. a person with lower general intelligence is the most creative d. there is no real correlation between the two

there is no real correlation between the two

The rules of grammar that dictate how words are laid out in sentences or phrases to form useful expressions are known as: a. language b. syntax c. grammar d. semantics

syntax

Which of the following best describes a prototype? a. the most typical instance of a particular concept. b. a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people c. a mental category that is formed as a result of everyday experiences d. a concept that has not been formed yet

the most typical instance of a particular concept

What is syntax? . the set of rules governing the meaning of words b. the rules of grammar c. the different types of concepts

the rules of grammar

Confirmation bias is defined as: a. basing decisions on examples that we most easily recall or bring to mind b. a general rule of thumb that may or may not work c. the tendency to stick to an initial hypothesis even in the face of strong contrary evidence d. the language we use determines how we think and how we perceive reality

the tendency ot stick to an initial hypothesis evein in the face of strong contrary evidence

When talking about solving problems, what does confirmation bias mean? a. the tendency to stick to an initial hypothesis even in the face of strong contrary evidence b. looking at the presented problem and analyzing it before making a new hypothesis c. the solution to the hypothesis seems to arise in a sudden realization or flash of insight d. none of the above

the tendency to stick to an initial hypothesis even in the face of strong contrary evidence

A broad term that refers to how we use knowledge to analyze situations, solve problems, and make decisions is ______? a. thinking b. heuristic c. analogy d. divergent thinking

thinking

What is the broad term that refers to how we use our knowledge to analyze situations, problems and find solutions? a. thinking b. brainstorming c. memorizing d. retrieval

thinking

_____ is a broad term that refers to how we use knowledge to analyze. a. knowledge b. intelligence c. thinking d. concept

thinking

Sternberg's __________ has three aspects of intelligence: analytic, creative and practical. a. primary mental abilities b. triarchic theory of intelligence c. multiple intelligence d. intelligence quotient

triarchic theory of intelligence

True or False. Creativity is distinct form general intelligence.

true

What acts as an off and on switch that signals when it is time to stop eating? a. hypothalamus b. forebrain c. nervous system d. ventromedial Hypothalamus

ventromedial hypothalamus

A measure of intelligence based on performance on tests of mental abilities, expressed as a ratio between one's mental age and chronological age or derived from the deviation of one's scores fro the norms for those of one's age group is referred to as __________. a. mental age b. thinking c. logical thinking d. intelligence quotient

intelligence quotient

The need for achievement is a drive by______ & _________ motivation(s). a. outer, inner b. intrinsic, extrinsic c. short-term, long-term d. present,future

intrinsic,extrinsic

What hypothesis did Noam Chomsky formulate? a. Whorfian hypothesis b. Linguistics relativity hypothesis c. language acquisition device d. semantics hypothesis

language acquisition device

What is an example of an algorithm? a. decision making b. mathematical formula c. trial and error d. all of the above

mathematical formula

A mental representation of an object or event is ____________. a. concept b. mental screening c. cognitive picture d. mental image

mental image

What is a mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present? a. thinking image b. cognitive image c. physical image d. mental image

mental image

The tendency to rely on strategies that worked well in similar situations in the past is called : a. Heuristic b. Confirmation Bias c. Decision Making d. Mental Set

mental set

Which concept is a concept formed as a result of everyday experience rather than logically determining whether an object or event fits a specific set of rules? a. cognition b. thinking c. natural concept d. algorithm

natural concept

What level is food, water, sleep, air, shelter and clothing on Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. 1 b. 5 c. 3 d. 4

1

Who developed the type of intelligence test in use today? a. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon b. B.F. Skinner and Theodore Simon c. Jean Piaget and Alfred Binet d. Sigmund Freud and Albert Bandura

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

What part of the brain works as a "gate" and triggers the hear response when hearing screams during a scary moving or riding a roller coaster? a. Amygdala b. Hippocampus c. Cerebral Cortex d. Limbic System

Amygdala

True or False. People with above average IQ are more creative than people at or below average IQ.

False

True or False. Representativeness heuristic is the tendency to base decisions because it is most easy to recall. While available heuristic may lead us to make more of something than we should.

False

True or False. When it comes to creative problem solving, learning new information and then sleeping on it will not help you retain more of what you learned.

False

True or False. There are 10 Universal Facial Expressions.

False.

The belief that emotions occur after people become aware of their physiological responses to the triggering stimuli is referred to as _______. a. James-Lange theory b. Cannon-Bard Theory c. Two-Factor Model d. Dual-Pathway Model of Fear: "Feel First, Think Second"

James-Lange Theory

Who believed in the "language acquisition device"? a. William James b. Noam Chomsky c. Nick Whorfian d. Ivan Pavlov

Noam Chomsky

The 3 basic units of sound is called ________ and they are combined to form ______________. a. Voices, Letter b. Syntax, Alphabet c. Phoneomes, Morphomes d. Noam Chumsky, Semantics

Phoneomes, Morphomes

True or False. Algorithms and Heuristics are both part of problem solving.

True

True or False. Alogorithms can be of use outside mathematics.

True

Sternberg's __________ has three aspects of intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical. a. primary mental abilities b. triarchic theory of intelligence c. multiple intelligences d. Intelligence quotient

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

True or False. A mental image is the picture or representation of an object or event.

True

In regards to problem solving, what is a heuristics? a. general rule of thumb strategy that may or may not work b. complex evaluation of the importance features of problem solving c. making a strategy to simplify the choice over alternatives d. heroic thoughts about yourself that help problem solving

a general rule of thumb strategy that may or may not work

What is algorithm? a. a procedure that when followed correctly step by step will create a correct solution b. a general rule of thumb strategy that may or may not work c. a strategy of trial and error until the correct solution is found d. coded writing

a procedure that when followed correctly step by step will create a correct solution

Problem solving involves _________. a. making a final decision as soon as you see the problem b. a systematic and organized way of solving a problem depending on the nature c. asking your parents for help d. thinking of ways in which to not have to deal with the problem

a systematic and organized way of solving a problem depending on the nature

What would be an optimal way to test a person on their creativity? a. a multiple-choice test history test b. a survey c. open note exam fill in the blank test d. a test where the person selects all answers that apply

a test where the person selects all answers that apply

Strategy of trial infers _____. a. a trial and error that involves trying a variety of solutions and eliminating those that don't work b. a trial and error process in which the tester runs through every possible outcome c. an order to simplify the choice over many alternatives, you base your decisions on a single feature/aspect d. a trial and error that involves attempting to discover the one solution that does not work

a trial and error that involves trying a variety of solutions and eliminating those that don't work

What is the difference between divergent thinking and cognitive thinking? a. divergent thinking views situations diversely; convergent thinking converges into one way of thinking b. convergent thinking views situations diversely; divergent thinking converges into one way of thinking c. divergent thinking combines concepts into one concept to create novel ideas; convergent thinking expands on familiar concepts d. Convergent thinking combines concepts into one concept to create novel ideas; divergent thinking expands on familiar concepts

divergent thinking views situations diversely; convergent thinking converges into one way of thinking

What does divergent mean in Psychology? a. diverse b. the same ways c. one solution d. narrow

diverse

Bob feels very hungry so he goes to McDonald's and gets a burger. What would you call the satisfaction Bob gets from eating the burger? a. Drive reduction b. Need reduction c. Drive addition d. Need addition

drive reduction

What is creativity? a. explaining familiar concepts by applying them to new users b. originality of thought associated with the development of new, workable products or solutions to problems c. rule of thumb for solving problems or making judgements or decisions d. concepts with poorly defined or fuzzy rules for membership

originality of thought associated with the development of new, workable products or solutions to problems

No matter what language a person speaks one can still see a person's emotions based on their facial expressions. Which of the following is NOT a universally identified facial expression? a. anger b. pain c. disgust d. surprise

pain

The basic unit of sound is called? a. phonemes b. decibels c. hertz d. allophones

phonemes

The 3 basic units of sound is called _____ and they are combined to form _______. a. voices, letter b. syntax, alphabet c. pheneomenes, morphomes d. noam chumsky, semantics

phoneomes, morphomes

_______ is a cognitive process in which we employ mental strategies to solve problems. a. problem solving b. though processing c. logical processing d. none of the above

problem solving

__________ attachment is the ability as children to show distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose himself upon their return a. Safety b. secure c. insecure d. Separation

secure

Persistent or recurrent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response is referred to as __________. a. biological causes b. sexual dysfunctions c. bulimia nervosa d. eating disorder

sexual dysfunctions

What model explains why many college kids buy meals like ramen noodles or craft mac-n-cheese when they go grocery shopping? a. convergent model b. single feature model c. confirmation model d. additive model

single feature model