Biology Ch. 46 Test
internal
________ respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body
capillaries
___________ are the blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins
internal
_____________respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body
external
__________respiration is the exchange of gasses between the atmosphere and the blood
platelets
________are essential to the formation of a blood clot
veins
________contains valves and carry blood back to the heart
external
_______respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
arteries
______carry blood away from the heart.
white
_____blood cells help defend the body against disease.
red
_____blood cells transport oxygen
alveolus
a network of capillaries surrounds each _________
a
a person with antigen A on their red blood cells can give blood to someone with blood type(s) a-A and AB b-B and AB c-only AB d-only O
alveoli
all exchange of gases in the lungs occurs at the ________
d
alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called a-arterioles b-venules c-capillaries d-bornchioles
d
an abnormality involcing the plateltes would probably affect the process of a-breathing b-locomotion c-fighting bacterial infections d-blood clotting
a
an artery a-usually carries oxygen-rich blood b-has thin, slighly elastic walls c-has valves that prevent blood from flowing backward d-all of the above
d
an artery has a much thicker muscle layer than a- a vein b-a capillary c-a venule d-all of the above
red blood cells
antigens determing blood type are carried on the surface of _____________________
c
atherosclerosis is characterized by a-increased circulation to the heart b-larger muscles c-a narrowing of the inner walls of coronary arteries due to buildup of fatty materials d-a widening of inner walls of blood vessels as a result of a heart attack
platelets, fibrin
blood clotting occurs when _________ release a clotting protein, which causes a clotting reaction to occur. a _______ net forms, trapping blood cells and platelets
tricuspid valve
blood clows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the _________
c
blood entering the right atrium a-is full of oxygen b-is returning from the lungs c-is deoxygenated d-is low in plasma and platelets
body, heart, lungs, oxygenation, heart, body
blood flows from the _______ into the ________ which then pumps blood to the _______. after ________, blood returns to the _______which pumps blood the the rest of the __________
plasma
blood is composed of ________ (water, metabolites, wastes, salts, and proteins), red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
b
bronchiole:alveoli:: a-alveholi:bronchi b-bronchi:larynx c-larynx:pharynx d-bronchi:bronchioles
d
carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in all of the following ways EXCEPT a-disolved in plasma b-combined with hemoglobin c-as bicarbonate ions d-by white blood cells
c
carbon dioxide:lungs:: a- nutrients:kidneys b-nutrients:lungs c-nitrogenous waste:kidneys d-nitrogenous waste:lungs
d
cholesterol buildup: atherosclerosis:: a-iron buildup: atherosclerosis b- arteriosclerosis: the heart to work more easily c- low intake of saturated fats: heart attacks d- atherosclerosis: heart attacks
d
defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by foreign substances is a function of a-red blood cells b-plasma c-platelets d-white blood cells
white
defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by other foreign substances is the function of ________ blood cells
contract
during inspiration, the diaphragm and rib muscles ______, the thoracic cavity expands, and air is pulled into the lungs
b
during swallowing, the air passageway of the pharynx is covered by the a-larynx b-epiglottis c-trachea d-bronchi
c
each alveolus a-contians many air sacs b-attatches directly to the larynx c-is surrounded by capillaries d-is a large air sac
a
gas exchange occurs when a-oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the blood in the capillaries b-oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the red blood cells c-the red blood cells give up oxygen to the cells of the body tissues d-all of the above
carbon dioxide
hemoglobin in red blood cells bind to both oxygen and ________________ ______________
a
if a blood vessel has valves, it is probably a- a vein b-an artery c- a venule d- part of the lymphatic system
systemic
in ____________ circulation, blood travels between the heart and all other body tissues
pulmonary
in ____________circulation, blood travels between the heart and lungs.
a
infections generally result in an increase in the number of a-leukocytes b-are the largest cells in the blood c-promote clotting d-do not have a nucleus
capillaries
materials are exchanged at the _________
d
mature red blood cells a-can live for about a year b-are the largest cells in the blood c-promote clotting d-carbonic acid
bicarbonate
most carbon dioxide is carried as _________________ ions
hemoglobin
most oxygen is carried attatched to the _________
A, B, AB, O
name the four human blood types
c
normal blood pressure in millimeters of mercury is a- 145/95 for males and 135/85 for femals b-130/100 for both c-120/80 for males and 110/70 for females d-100/50 for males and 120/70 for females
b
nutrients, salts, and proteins: plasma solutes:: a-arteries and veins:lymphatic vessels b-erythocrytes and leukocytes:blood cells c-platelets and megakaryotes:leukocytes d-lymphocytes and macrophages: erythocytes
c
oxygenated blood from the lungs is received by the a-left ventricle b-right atrium c-left atrium d-right ventricle
d
pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the a-stomach b-liver c-intestines d-lungs
a
red blood cells a-transport respiratory gases b-combat bacterial infection c-destroy viruses d-transport cholesterol
erythrocytes
red blood cells are called __________
ventricles
systolic pressure is caused by contraction of the hearts ________
heart
the ________ is a muscular organ that pumps blood through an intricate network of blood vessels
circulatory
the _________ system transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, food molecules, hormones, and other material to and from the cells of the body
lymphatic
the ___________system returns lymph, fluid that has collected in the tissues, to the blood stream.
lungs
the _________are the site of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood
d
the actual exchange of gasses occurs at the site of the a-trachea b-nasal passageway c-larynx d-alveoli
c
the breathing center in the brain is most sensitive to the a-concentration of oxygen b-concentration of carbon dixoide in the lungs c-concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood d-amount of oxygen in the cells
hypertension
the condition that results when blood pressure is consistently higher than normal is called high blood pressure or ___________
c
the dome-shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the a-soleus b-biceps c-diaphragm d-popliteus
systemic
the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs is called ___________circulation
b
the force exerted against the arterial walls when the heart contracts is called a-hypertension b-systolic pressure c-diastolic presusre d-arterial relaxation
b
the heart chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae is the a-left atrium b-right atrium c-left ventricle d-right ventricle
cardiovascular;lymphatic
the human circulatory system is made up of the _______system and the _____________ system
c
the iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called a-plasma b-ferric oxide c-hemoglobin d-carbonic acid
platelets
the major function of _______ is to assist in the blood clotting process
b
the pressure exerted on the inner walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats is the ____ pressure a-systolic b-diastolic c-barometric d-residual
oxygen
the primary role of hemoglobin in the blood is to carry __________
d
the smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body are the a-venules b-veins c-arteries d-capillaries
b
the ventricles are a-the upper chambers of the heart b-the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body c-the chambers of the heart that receive blood from the lungs and the rest of the body d-lower chambers of the heart that contract separately
c
vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called a-veins b-capillaries c-arteries d-venules
c
when the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax a-the chest cavity enlarges b-inspiration occurs c-expiration occurs d-it is impossible to breathe
expiration
when the diaphragm and the rib muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity, ___________ occurs
epiglottis
when you swallow, the __________prevents food from entering the trachea
d
which of the following is NOT involved in the formation of blood clots? a-platelt congregation at the site of rupture of a blood vessel b-release of clotting factors from platelets c-production of fibrin, a protein d-formation of fibrin-red blood cell complexes that circulate in the blood and are too large to move though ruptured blood vessel walls
a
which of the following occurs as air rushes into the lungs from the environment to equalize air pressure? a-inspiration b-contraction c-expiration d-none of the above
b
which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic? a-capillary b-artery c-vein d-venule