Biology Ch.4-6 Book Questions

A

In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by __________. vacuoles peroxisomes ribosomes nuclei

C

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum? a cell that secretes enzymes a cell that destroys pathogens a cell that makes steroid hormones a cell that engages in photosynthesis

A

DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process? This is an anabolic process This is a catabolic process This is both anabolic and catabolic This is a metabolic process but is neither anabolic nor catabolic

C

Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a(n) _____ molecule. ATP : glucose an anabolic molecule : catabolic molecule glucose : ATP a catabolic molecule : anabolic molecule

D

Prokaryotes depend on ________ to obtain some materials and to get rid of wastes. ribosomes flagella cell division diffusion

B

The ________ is the basic unit of life. organism cell tissue organ

D

The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is a. primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates b. equal to −57 kcal/mol c. harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work d. providing energy to coupled reactions

A

Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure? protein cholesterol carbohydrate phospholipid

D

Active transport must function continuously because __________. plasma membranes wear out not all membranes are amphiphilic facilitated transport opposes active transport diffusion is constantly moving solutes in opposite directions

C

An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following? Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, increasing its affinity for substrate binding Binds to the active site and blocks it from binding substrate Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate Binds directly to the active site and mimics the substrate

A

Bacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to ________. adhere to cell surfaces swim through bodily fluids synthesize proteins retain the ability to divide

C

Consider a pendulum swinging. Which type(s) of energy is/are associated with the pendulum in the following instances: i. the moment at which it completes one cycle, just before it begins to fall back towards the other end, ii. the moment that it is in the middle between the two ends, iii. just before it reaches the end of one cycle (just before instant i.). i. potential and kinetic, ii. potential and kinetic, iii. kinetic i. potential, ii. potential and kinetic, iii. potential and kinetic i. potential, ii. kinetic, iii. potential and kinetic i. potential and kinetic, ii. kinetic iii. kinetic

B

Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is: used in their detoxification reactions produced during their oxidation reactions incorporated into their membranes a cofactor for the organelles' enzymes

C

How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged? by expelling anions by pulling in anions by expelling more cations than are taken in by taking in and expelling an equal number of cations

C

In what important way does receptor-mediated endocytosis differ from phagocytosis? It transports only small amounts of fluid. It does not involve the pinching off of membrane. It brings in only a specifically targeted substance. It brings substances into the cell, while phagocytosis removes substances.

A

Label each of the following systems as high or low entropy: i. the instant that a perfume bottle is sprayed compared with 30 seconds later, ii. an old 1950s car compared with a brand new car, and iii. a living cell compared with a dead cell. i. low, ii. high, iii. low i. low, ii. high, iii. high i. high, ii. low, iii. high i. high, ii. low, iii. Low

C

The key components of desmosomes are cadherins and __________. actin microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules

C

The principal force driving movement in diffusion is the __________. temperature particle size concentration gradient membrane surface area

B

The process by which a cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as: endosymbiosis phagocytosis hydrolysis membrane synthesis

C

Water moves via osmosis _________. throughout the cytoplasm from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration from an area with a low concentration of water to one of higher concentration

C

What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after exocytosis? It leaves the cell. It is disassembled by the cell. It fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane. It is used again in another exocytosis event.

D

What is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called? potential gradient electrical potential concentration potential electrochemical gradient

A

What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes? identification of the cell flexibility of the membrane strengthening the membrane channels through membrane

A

What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water? Their bodies tend to take in too much water. They have no way of controlling their tonicity. Only salt water poses problems for animals that live in it. Their bodies tend to lose too much water to their environment.

C

When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use ________ to distinguish the individual components of cells. a. a beam of electrons b. radioactive isotopes c. special stains d. high temperatures

D

Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane? its head cholesterol a saturated fatty acid tail double bonds in the fatty acid tail

A

Which of the following analogies best describe the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding? A hug between two people A key fitting into a lock A square peg fitting through the square hole and a round peg fitting through the round hole of a children's toy The fitting together of two jigsaw puzzle pieces.

C

Which of the following are found only in plant cells? gap junctions desmosomes plasmodesmata tight junctions

D

Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false? Endergonic reactions have a positive ∆G and exergonic reactions have a negative ∆G Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy to overcome an activation barrier Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly

D

Which of the following do not play a role in intracellular movement? microfilaments and intermediate filaments microfilaments and microtubules intermediate filaments and microtubules only intermediate filaments

B

Which of the following have the ability to disassemble and reform quickly? microfilaments and intermediate filaments microfilaments and microtubules intermediate filaments and microtubules only intermediate filaments

D

Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? nucleus mitochondrion vacuole ribosomes

A

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system? mitochondrion Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum lysosome

A

Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation? Turning on a light switch Solar panels at work Formation of static electricity None of the above

A

Which of the following is not true about enzymes: They increase ∆G of reactions They are usually made of amino acids They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions Each one is specific to the particular substrate(s) to which it binds

D

Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers? the ribosomes the vesicles the cytoplasm the nucleoplasm

B

Which of the following is the best way to judge the relative activation energies between two given chemical reactions? Compare the ∆G values between the two reactions Compare their reaction rates Compare their ideal environmental conditions Compare the spontaneity between the two reactions

A

Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy? sucrose ATP glucose ADP

C

Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell? a. synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the vesicle b. synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; tagging in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum c. synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle d. synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; tagging in the endoplasmic reticulum

B

Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell? pinocytosis phagocytosis facilitated transport primary active transport