Biology Chapter 1 (Biology and You)

Which statement is false?

A prediction is the expected outcome of a test

Which of the following issues is NOT an existing problem that biologists can help solve?

AIDS

Define evolution and natural selection.

Evolution- the change in the inherited characteristics of species over generations Natural selection- the process in which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce The theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history, drastically changing our perception of the world and of our place in it. Natural selection- variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth, different survival and reproduction

Define mutation.

a change in the DNA of a gene A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors such as UV light and cigarette smoke.

For each pair of terms, write one or more sentences summarizing what you learned.

a) evolution, natural selection Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift. b) metabolism, homeostasis Homeostasis reflects the ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable metabolism and to function normally despite many constant changes. c) control group, experimental While all experiments have an experimental group, not all experiments require a control group.

What is the sum of all the chemical reactions carried out in an organism?

metabolism

The disorder characterized by cells dividing uncontrollably within the body is called

cancer

Identify the seven properties of life.

cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, responsiveness, growth and development order, stimuli, reproduction, growth/development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy cellular organization- highly organized, tiny structures with thin coverings called membranes reproduction- the process by which organisms make more of their own kind from one generation to the next metabolism- the sum of all of the chemical reactions carried out in an organism homeostasis- maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment heredity- passing traits from parent to offspring responsiveness- reaction growth and development- progression from earlier to later stages in maturation

List seven themes of biology.

cellular structure and function, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, evolution, interdependence Cellular Structure and Function- All living things are made of one or more cells. Reproduction- The process by which organisms make more of their own kind from one generation to the next. Metabolism- The sum of all the chemical reactions carried out in an organism. Homeostasis- The maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment. Heredity- The passing of traits from parent to offspring. Evolution- Changes in the inherited traits of species over generations. Interdependence- Organisms in a biological community live and interact with other organisms and the nonliving part of their environment.

What is a change in inherited characteristics of species over time called?

evolution

What is the basic unit of heredity?

gene

Toads that live in hot, dry regions burry themselves in the soil during the day. What theme of biology does this phenomenon describe?

homeostasis

What is a statement that can be tested by additional observations or experimentation?

hypothesis

The factor that is varied in a controlled experiment is called

independent variable

Distinguish between metabolism and homeostasis.

metabolism- sum of all of the chemical reactions carried out in an organism homeostasis- the maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment Homeostasis- is when organisms maintain a constant internal environment while it's external environment is changing. Metabolism- is when all chemical reactions occur within the cell(s)

To described the acidity of a solution, scientists use a number between 0 and 14. What does this number represent?

pH

What is a group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring?

species

The demand for more food is due to

the growth of human population