Biology Chapter 4

A Chromosome

A highly condensed sequence of DNA that is a carrier of genetic information is called ________?

Nuclear Pore

An opening in the nuclear envelope that allows molecules to move in and out of the nucleus is called a __________ _____________?

Cyanobacteria

Bacteria, sometimes called blue-green algae, which are photosynthetic are called ___________.

Mitochondria

Convert carbohydrate and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Chloroplast

Convert solar energy, carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate and oxygen

They are shorter than flagella, they have a 9+2 pattern of microtubules.

Select all of the choices that correctly describe cilia

Golgi apparatus, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles.

Select the components of the endomembrane system

Production of lipids, detoxification

Select the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Less complex, Smaller

Select the two choices that relate to prokaryotes when comparing them to eukaryotes.

Fimbriae

Small bristle-like fibers used to adhere to surfaces

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function, cells only come from preexisting cells, all organisms are composed of cells.

The three basic tenets of the cell theory state that:

Lysosomes

The vesicle formed by the Golgi apparatus that contains hydrolytic enzymes which function in intracellular digestion is the _________ ?

Cytoskeleton

The internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is called the _________ ?

Glycocalyx

The layer of polysaccharides which functions to help bacteria adhere to surfaces, prevent drying, and helps to resist a host's immune system is called the ____________?

Nucleolus

The region in the nucleoplasm where rRNA is used to produce the subunits of ribosomes is called the _____?

Coccus

The scientific term used for a spherical shaped bacterium is ___________.

nucleoplasm

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called the ___________.

Cytoplasm

The semifluid solution surrounded by the plasma membrane of a cell is called the _______?

Microtubule

The small, hollow, cylinder composed of a globular tubulin protein?

Cell

The smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life is the _____?

Cell

The smallest unit of life which is composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane ______?

Chromatin, Chromosomes

The strands of DNA within the nucleus are called __________ whereas the highly condensed rod-like structures that form from these strands during cell division are called ________?

Matrix

The term for the semi-fluid materials enclosed by a mitochondrion inner membrane is__________.

Ribosome

Which cell structure is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Tay-Sachs

Which disease results from a lack of certain enzymes contained by lysosomes?

Bacteria

Which group contains organisms with cell envelopes?

Breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, Breakdown fatty acids.

Which of the following are function of the peroxisomes?

ATP

Which of the following is produced by mitochondria during cellular respiration?

Golgi Apparatus

Which organelle modifies and packages vesicles that are routed within the cell?

long, extremely thin, flexible fibers (about 7 nm) that occur in bundles or mesh like networks

Which statement best describes an actin filament?

Cell Wall

Which structure maintains the shape of a cell?

Endosymbiotic

Which theory explains how eukaryotic cells evolved to include membrane bound organelles?

Cellular respiration

What process occurs in the mitochondrion

Leucoplast

A colorless plastid which functions to synthesize and store starches and oil is called a

A. Granum B. Stroma C. Outer Membrane

Identify the components of Chloroplast

A. Stroma B. Thylakoid C. Granum

Identify the components of a chloroplast 2:

A. Central Vacuole B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondrion D. Golgi Apparatus E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Identify the following plant cell organelles 2:

A. Nucleolus B. Chromatin C. Nuclear Pore D. Centrosome E.Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Identify the following plant cell organelles:

Maintains turgor pressure, Provides support for the cell

Identify the functions of the central vacuole in plants.

Glycocalyx, Plasma membrane, Cell Wall

Identify the main components of the cell envelope.

A. Mitochondrion B. Golgi apparatus C. Cytoplasm D. Centrioles E. Centrosome

Identify the organelles shown:

Stores toxins, stores salts, stores water

Identify the roles that vacuoles play in plant cells

Form ropelike assemblies of fibrous polypeptides that provide support

Identify the statement that best describes an intermediate filament.

A. Ribosome B. Flagella C. Plasma Membrane D. Cell Wall

Identify the structures of a typical prokaryotic cell:

Thylakoid

In a chloroplast, chlorophyll is located in the _________ membrane.

Nucleus

In a eukaryotic cell most of the genetic material is located in the _________?

Enlarging the central vacuole

In what way can plat cells rapidly increase their size?

Organelles

Internal membrane-bound compartments located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are called ________?

Chromoplasts

Plastids which contain pigments that result in the red, yellow and orange colors responsible for the color of autumn leaves are called ________?

1. Rough ER synthesizes protein 2. Protein packaged into transport vesicle 3. Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages protein into secretory vesicle 4. Secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane

List the sequence of events that may occur within the endomembrane system in the correct order as they would occur with the first event placed at the top.

Peroxisomes

Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle that is responsible for breaking down fatty acids?

Small size allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the surrounding environment.

On average, all cells are approximately the same size whether they are found in elephants or beetles. What is the best explanation for why cells are so small?

Flagella

Protein extension used for locomotion

Chloroplast

Photosynthesis occurs in the cellular organelle called the _________?

Nucleoid

The DNA in a prokaryote is found in the:

Vesicles

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into membranous organelles called

Endomembrane

The ____________ system, consists of the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and several types of vesicles.

Peptidoglycan

The bacterial cell wall consists of __________, a polysaccharide unique to bacteria.

Ribosome

The cell structure that is composed of rRNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis is the __________.

plasma

The cell structure that regulates the flow of materials in and out of the cell is called the __________ membrane

DNA - mRNA - protein

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information as:

Intermediate filament

The cytoskeletal filament that functions to support the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane?

True

True or false: Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria

False

True or false: Lysosomes promote the movement of nutrients molecules into a cell.

Conjugation Pilus

Tubular structures used to pass DNA between cells

Removal of excess water

What is the function of the contractile vacuoles found in protists?

9+0 microtubule triplets

What is the pattern of microtubule arrangement in a centriole?

Contains enzymes that aid in photosynthesis

What is the role of the stroma?