Biology, Chapters 12-13 WS

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Polypeptide

Language made up of letters that stand for the nucleotide bases in RNA and DNA.

Eukaryotic cell

Linear DNA is a __

Genetic Code

Long chains of amino acids that make up proteins.

Intron

Noncoding sequence of a gene that is cut out and discarded.

Deoxyribose, Phosphate group, Base

Nucleotides in DNA are made of three basic components: a sugar called _____, a _____, and a nitrogenous_____.

Prokaryotic cell

Circular DNA is a ____

Exon

Coding region of a gene that is expressed; these are kept and put together to form mRNA.

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases: _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Translation

Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

Many replication forks

How many Starting Points for DNA Replication in Eukaryotes?

Two replication forks

How many Starting Points for DNA Replication in Prokaryotes?

2

How many strand(s) does DNA have?

1

How many strand(s) does RNA have?

Unwind DNA, Unzip DNA, Join free nucleotides to existing DNA strand

In what order do these events occur in DNA replication? (by enzymes) Join free nucleotides to existing DNA strand, Unwind DNA, Unzip DNA

Eukaryotic

In which type of cell does replication begin at several (more than two) points?

Transcription

Process in which RNA molecules are made using DNA as a template.

Codon

Process of decoding mRNA in order to make a protein.

Messenger RNA

RNA molecules that carry instructions for assembling proteins.

Ribasomal RNA

RNA molecules that make up ribosomes, on which proteins are assembled.

Nucleotides

The building blocks of DNA are _____.

DNA to RNA to protein

The central dogma of molecular biology is that information is transferred from...

Covalent

The phosphate—sugar—phosphate—sugar etc. the backbone of nucleotides in DNA are joined by _____ bonds.

Transcription

The process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules is called _____.

Bases

The sequence of _____ in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template.

double helix

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is referred to as a _____ _____.

5-carbon sugar molecules, phosphate groups, four different nitrogenous bases.

What are nucleotides made of?

CCGGATG

What are the appropriate nitrogenous bases for the other half? GGCCTAC

A, T, G, C

What bases does DNA have?

A, U, G, C

What bases does RNA have?

linear

What form of DNA is in Eukaryotes? (linear or circular)

circular

What form of DNA is in Prokaryotes? (linear or circular)

DNA polymerase

What is the name of the enzyme that joins individual nucleotides?

Deoxyribose

What kind of sugar does DNA have?

Ribose

What kind of sugar does RNA have?

DNA is not found in a nucleus.

What statement does not describe DNA in a eukaryotic cell? a. DNA and proteins make up the chromosomes. b. Enzymes like DNA polymerase are needed to replicate DNA. c. DNA must be "unzipped" before replication starts. d. DNA is not found in a nucleus.

Adenine = Thymine Cytosine = Guanine

Which bases are equal?

All of these statements are true.

Which statement is true about DNA replication? a. Prokaryotes replicate their DNA before binary fission —when a cell splits to become two cells. b. Eukaryotes replicate their DNA before mitosis and meiosis. c. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in DNA replication. d. All of these statements are true.

Introns

_____ are portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded.

Messenger RNA

_____ is the molecule that carries instructions from the nucleus to the ribosomes.


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