Biology, Chapters 12-13 WS
Polypeptide
Language made up of letters that stand for the nucleotide bases in RNA and DNA.
Eukaryotic cell
Linear DNA is a __
Genetic Code
Long chains of amino acids that make up proteins.
Intron
Noncoding sequence of a gene that is cut out and discarded.
Deoxyribose, Phosphate group, Base
Nucleotides in DNA are made of three basic components: a sugar called _____, a _____, and a nitrogenous_____.
Prokaryotic cell
Circular DNA is a ____
Exon
Coding region of a gene that is expressed; these are kept and put together to form mRNA.
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases: _____, _____, _____, and _____.
Translation
Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.
Many replication forks
How many Starting Points for DNA Replication in Eukaryotes?
Two replication forks
How many Starting Points for DNA Replication in Prokaryotes?
2
How many strand(s) does DNA have?
1
How many strand(s) does RNA have?
Unwind DNA, Unzip DNA, Join free nucleotides to existing DNA strand
In what order do these events occur in DNA replication? (by enzymes) Join free nucleotides to existing DNA strand, Unwind DNA, Unzip DNA
Eukaryotic
In which type of cell does replication begin at several (more than two) points?
Transcription
Process in which RNA molecules are made using DNA as a template.
Codon
Process of decoding mRNA in order to make a protein.
Messenger RNA
RNA molecules that carry instructions for assembling proteins.
Ribasomal RNA
RNA molecules that make up ribosomes, on which proteins are assembled.
Nucleotides
The building blocks of DNA are _____.
DNA to RNA to protein
The central dogma of molecular biology is that information is transferred from...
Covalent
The phosphate—sugar—phosphate—sugar etc. the backbone of nucleotides in DNA are joined by _____ bonds.
Transcription
The process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules is called _____.
Bases
The sequence of _____ in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template.
double helix
The twisted ladder shape of DNA is referred to as a _____ _____.
5-carbon sugar molecules, phosphate groups, four different nitrogenous bases.
What are nucleotides made of?
CCGGATG
What are the appropriate nitrogenous bases for the other half? GGCCTAC
A, T, G, C
What bases does DNA have?
A, U, G, C
What bases does RNA have?
linear
What form of DNA is in Eukaryotes? (linear or circular)
circular
What form of DNA is in Prokaryotes? (linear or circular)
DNA polymerase
What is the name of the enzyme that joins individual nucleotides?
Deoxyribose
What kind of sugar does DNA have?
Ribose
What kind of sugar does RNA have?
DNA is not found in a nucleus.
What statement does not describe DNA in a eukaryotic cell? a. DNA and proteins make up the chromosomes. b. Enzymes like DNA polymerase are needed to replicate DNA. c. DNA must be "unzipped" before replication starts. d. DNA is not found in a nucleus.
Adenine = Thymine Cytosine = Guanine
Which bases are equal?
All of these statements are true.
Which statement is true about DNA replication? a. Prokaryotes replicate their DNA before binary fission —when a cell splits to become two cells. b. Eukaryotes replicate their DNA before mitosis and meiosis. c. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in DNA replication. d. All of these statements are true.
Introns
_____ are portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded.
Messenger RNA
_____ is the molecule that carries instructions from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
