Biology Test 2

How many ATP are produced from the 10 NADH that are formed during the citric acid cycle?

A. *30* B. 2 C. 4 D. 38 E. 36

The production of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle requires six molecules each of ATP and NADPH. Another three molecules of ATP are then used in the cycle. What is the purpose of the three additional ATP molecules?

A. to fix carbon dioxide to RuBP B. to attract the next CO2 molecule to enter the Calvin cycle C. to reduce the molecules of G3P to form glucose D. to join acetyl CoA into pyruvate, preparing it to enter the citric acid cycle E. *to regenerate the starter molecule RuBP*

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

A. requires energy from the cell B. moves molecules from low to high concentration C. *does not require energy from the cell* D. does not require control by the nucleus E. requires transport proteins

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will

A. shrink due to the loss of solutes from the blood cell. B. swell due to diffusion. C. be unaffected since they have a cell membrane to separate them from the solution. D. *shrink due to water loss by the cell.* E. burst due to active transport.

Which process is used to make bread rise?

A. the citric acid cycle B. lactic acid fermentation C. *alcoholic fermentation* D. glycolysis E. cellular respiration

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

A. NADH B. *Oxygen* C. FADH2 D. Carbon Dioxide E. ATP

Your friend has been on a diet and loses 15 pounds of fat. After studying cellular respiration, how can you explain where the weight went (how it was lost)?

A. *It was released as carbon dioxide and water.* B. It was released as oxygen and water. C. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body. D. It was broken down into amino acids and eliminated from the body. E. It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat.

During hibernation the rate of cellular respiration in a mammal is typically less than half the rate measured when the mammal is not hibernating. This slowed cellular respiration is probably accompanied by which of the following?

A. *Reduced pulse rate and reduced body temperature.* B. Unchanged pulse rate and increased body temperature. C. Unchanged pulse rate and reduced body temperature. D. Unchanged pulse rate and unchanged body temperature. E. Reduced pulse rate and increased body temperature.

In the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe the conditions observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed?

A. *The tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents* B. The beaker contents will be hypertonic to the tube contents. C. The beaker contents will be hypotonic to the tube contents. D. The beaker contents and the tube contents will not have changed at all. E. The beaker and tube contents are isotonic to each other.

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

A. *True* B. False

In C4 plants, chloroplasts are located in

A. *both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.* B. bundle sheath cells. C. the stomata. D. mesophyll cells. E. epidermal cells of the leaf.

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

A. *facilitated diffusion* B. simple diffusion. C. phagocytosis. D. pinocytosis E. active transport.

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

A. *hypotonic* B. saturated C. hypertonic D. isotonic E. osmotic

A new organism is discovered which contains a super enzyme that requires no ATP to split glucose into pyruvate but cannot function if oxygen is present. What is this organism's net production of ATP from one molecule of glucose?

A. 42 B. 38 C. *4* D. 40 E. 2

Where do the protons and electrons come from that are used in the electron transport chain?

A. ADP B. NADH C. *NADH and FADH2* D. ATP E. FADH2

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

A. ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant. B. *The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP* C. ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction. D. ATP gains a phosphate group. E. ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction.

Which of the labeled cells of a C3 leaf does not perform photosynthesis?

A. B and C B. *A and D* C. C and D D. A and B E. B and D

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product?

A. Both a and d B. b C. d D. *c* E. a

What happened to the hamburger you had for lunch?

A. Carbohydrates and fats are converted to ATP, while proteins are used to make molecules for the cell. B. All of the proteins were converted to ATP, while the fats and carbohydrates were used to make molecules for the cell. C. All of the fats and proteins were converted to ATP, while the carbohydrates were used to make molecules for the cell. D. All of the carbohydrates were converted to ATP, while the fats and proteins were used to make molecules for the cell. Correct Answer E. *Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins may be converted to ATP or used to make molecules for the cell.*

Why do plants contain other pigments besides chlorophyll?

A. Chlorophyll is unable to absorb visible light. B. *The additional pigments are able to absorb other light wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot.* C. The additional pigments can only absorb violet or ultraviolet light. D. When the additional pigments break down, the chlorophyll can absorb other wavelengths of light. E. When chlorophyll breaks down, the additional pigments can absorb the same wavelengths of light.

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

A. DNA B. hemoglobin C. *carbon dioxide* D. starch E. glucose

Energy to drive the formation of ATP in photosynthesis is derived from

A. G3P B. *H+ gradient* C. NADP+ D. NADPH E. CO2

Which compounds link the light reactions with the Calvin cycle reactions?

A. G3P and ATP B. G3P and NADPH C. H+ and ATP D. H+ and G3P E. *ATP and NADPH*

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after the completion of the electron transport chain but prior to chemiosmosis, what would you find is true about the pH in the mitochondria?

A. It is highest in the mitochondrial matrix. B. It is highest in the intermembrane space. C. *It is lowest in the intermembrane space.* D. There is no difference in pH. E. It is lowest in the mitochondrial matrix.

What would happen if NAD+ were not available for cellular respiration?

A. There would be an increase in ATP produced. B. *There would be a great reduction in the number of ATP formed.* C. Cellular respiration would not proceed. D. There would be no effect on the number of ATP formed. E. There would be a slight reduction in the number of ATP formed.

The chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center of a photosystem participate directly in the capture of solar energy. What is the purpose of the accessory pigments?

A. They split the water molecule to supply electrons to the chlorophyll a in the reaction center. B. *They funnel solar energy to chlorophyll a in the reaction center.* C. They participate in the Calvin cycle. D. They have no purpose. E. They change the color of the leaves to discourage predators.

CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to nighttime hours in order to

A. allow water to enter leaf spaces during the daylight hours. B. *open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity.* C. allow NADPH and ATP to enter leaf spaces. D. limit water uptake from the soil during daytime hours. E. limit the Calvin cycle reactions to nighttime only.

The cristae of a mitochondrion are critical

A. as a site for the electron transport chain. B. in providing a space for glycolysis to occur. C. in creating a space for concentration of H+. D. *both as a site for the electron transport chain and creating a space for concentration of H+.* E. in providing a place for the Calvin cycle.

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration?

A. carbon dioxide B. ADP C. water D. ATP E. *oxygen*

Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include all of the following except

A. charge. B. concentration. C. size. D. time. E. *color*

Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

A. enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction. B. an enzyme is only associated with one metabolic pathway. C. enzymes all have the same shape. D. enzymes are used up in the reaction. E. *an enzyme binds one specific substrate*.

In a redox reaction, reduction means ________, and oxidation means ________.

A. gain of protons; loss of protons B. loss of electrons; gain of electrons C. *gain of electrons; loss of electrons* D. gain of water; loss of water E. loss of water; gain of water

Sucrose, cellulose, amino acids, and starch are all made from what starter molecule in plants?

A. glucose B. RuBP carboxylase C. ATP D. *glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)* E. fructose

The product of the preparatory reaction is

A. glucose. B. *acetyl-CoA.* C. water. D. pyruvate. E. carbon dioxide.

Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient?

A. osmosis B. *active transport* C. passive transport D. facilitated diffusion E. diffusion

What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?

A. oxygen B. glucose C. ADP D. *ATP* E. NADH

A product of glycolysis is

A. oxygen. B. *pyruvate.* C. acetyl-CoA. D. lactic acid. E. ethyl alcohol.

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?

A. passive transport B. *receptor-mediated endocytosis* C. osmosis D. facilitated diffusion E. exocytosis

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. This process is called

A. pinocytosis. B. exocytosis. C. active transport. D. facilitated diffusion E. *phagocytosis*

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into

A. pyruvate. B. water. C. energy in other organic molecules. D. energy in carbon dioxide. E. *energy in ATP.*