BIOLOGY - Unit 1 ( DNA and Cell Structure )

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Describe the structure of chromosomes

1. Composed of DNA 2. The two strands of DNA are held together by complementary base pairs 2. A,T,C,G

Describe the ultrastructure of a bacteria cell

A bacteria cell has a Cytoplasm, a Plasmid, a Cell Wall, a Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Genetic Material and a Flagellum

Describe the ultrastructure of a fungal cell

A fungal cell has a Cytoplasm, a Cell Wall, Mitochondria, a Nucleus, a Cell Membrane, Ribosomes and Vacuous

Describe the ultrastructure of a plant cell

A plant cell has a Nucleus, a Cell Membrane, a Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, a Cell Wall, Vacuoles and Chloroplasts

What is the difference between a plant cell wall and a bacteria and fungi cell walls

A plant cell walls main component is cellulose, whereas bacteria and fungi cell walls do not contain cellulose and instead use other chemicals.

What advantage does cellulose walls have against other cell walls

Cellulose gives plant cells a very strong structures so therefore the walls in bacteria and fungi are not as strong

How does DNA determine the characteristics of an organism

1. The order of bases determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins 2. This determines the type of protein produced and it's function 3. The proteins produced may be an enzyme or hormone

Describe the ultrastructure of an animal cell

An animal cell has a Nucleus, a Cell Membrane, a Cytoplasm, Ribosomes and Mitochondria

What is the function of the chloroplasts

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are site of photosynthesis.

DNA

DNA

What does DNA contain

DNA contains the genetic information for making proteins

What is DNA

DNA is a code that contains the genetic information that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins

What is the structure of DNA

DNA is a double stranded Helix held by complementary base pairs

What are genes

Genes are the sections of DNA that contain the coded genetic information for making proteins

What is genetic code made of

Genetic code is made up of complementary base pairs A = adenine T = thymine C = cytosine G = guanine

Where is DNA located?

In the nucleus of every cell

What is the function of the Mitochondria

The Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration ( where the ATP is produced)

What is the function of the Nucleus

The Nucleus controls cell actives and contains genetic material (DNA).

What is the function of the cell membrane

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

What is the function of the cell wall

The cell wall supports the cell, gives it a rigid structure and prevents the cell from bursting

What is the function of the cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is the site of many chemical reactions in the cell

What is the function of the plasmids

The plasmid holds genetic material (DNA) and is used for genetic engineering.

What is the function of the ribosomes

The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

What determines the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein

The sequence of DNA bases in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein.

How are the two strands of DNA held together

The two strands of DNA are held together by complementary base pairs ( A and T, G and C )

What is the function of the vacuole

The vacuole contains water, salt and sugars and support the cell.


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