Blood Borne Pathogens

Biohazard Labels and Signs

Biohazard warning labels are placed on any container that holds blood or OPIM Biohazard warning signs are also posted in specific work areas Contaminated waste must be disposed of in properly labeled containers Needles and other sharps must be disposed of in designated sharps containers

Occupational Exposure

An occupational exposure occurs during the performance of job duties and may place a worker at risk of infection. Exposure is defined as a percutaneous injury (e.g., needle stick ), contact of mucous membranes, or contact of skin with blood or other body fluids to which universal precautions apply.

Engineering Controls

Engineering Controls Engineering controls isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace If an engineering control will reduce employee exposure by removing, eliminating or isolating the hazard they must be used by the institution ex An example of an engineering control used on campus is the utilization of sharps and biohazard waste disposal

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

HBV is a virus that attacks the liver and may be spread through blood to blood and sexual contact Over 2 Billion people are infected with HBV worldwide

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS and is spread through blood to blood and sexual contact The CDC estimates that approximately >50,000 people in the united states are infected with HIV each year HIV attacks the CD4 cells of the immune system, and over time destroys the total number of CD4 cells. As the CD4 cells decrease in quantity, the body becomes more susceptible to other infectious processes.

Standard Precautions

In addition to Universal Precautions, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends "Standard Precautions." Standard precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious organisms between patient and clinicians Standard Precautions include the use of: Hand Washing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Gloves Gowns Masks Eye protection

Other Potential Infectious Material (OPIM)

In addition to blood, the following human body materials are considered to be potentially infectious with HIV, HBV, or HCV Amniotic Fluid Cerebral Spinal Fluid Pericardial Fluid Peritoneal Fluid Pleural Fluid Semen Synovial Fluid Vaginal Secretions The following are also considered OPIM if containing obvious traces of blood: Emesis / Vomit Fecal Matter Saliva Urine

Learning Objectives -Definition of Terms

In addition, participants shall be able to define the following terms and phrases: Engineering Controls Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM) Universal Precautions Work Practice Controls

Exposure Control Plan

NWHS has developed a comprehensive Exposure Control Plan to help protect employees and minimize the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

HBV Vaccinations

OSHA mandates that HBV vaccine be made available to all employees with potential occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. The HBV vaccine is a non-infectious vaccine prepared from recombinant yeast cultures, and carries with it no chance of developing HBV from the vaccine.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Gloves Gowns Lab Coats Shoe Covers Protective Eyewear Facemasks Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be designed to not permit blood or other OPIM to pass through or reach the employee, including: Clothes Skin Eyes Mouth Mucous Membranes Always ensure the integrity of PPE before donning. Inspect for tears, holes or other deficiencies which may compromise the barrier's effectiveness If PPE tears or becomes defective while worn, remove and replace with new PPE Never reuse disposable PPE Remove PPE before leaving a contaminated area

HBV symptoms

Symptoms of HBV include but are not limited to: Abdominal Pain Jaundice Loss of Appetite Fatigue Nausea & Vomiting HBV can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer

Housekeeping

The employer must implement an appropriate written schedule for cleaning Decontamination methods based on: Location Surface type Type of soil present Tasks being performed in the area Appropriate Disinfectants EPA-registered tuberculocides Diluted household bleach solution Made within 24 hours of use 1:10 to 1:100 concentration

Exposure Event

The following section will outline NWHSU exposure event / needle-stick policy. In the event you are exposed to infectious fluids or OPIM it is imperative you following the NWHSU exposure control / needle-stick policy

Universal Precautions

Universal precautions is an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens. Universal precautions help create clinical practices that reduce risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) outlines Universal Precautions in Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030(d)(1). This standard requires: Employees to observe Universal Precautions to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM).  Under circumstances in which differentiation between body fluid types is difficult or impossible, all body fluids shall be considered potentially infectious materials.  Treat all blood and other potentially infectious materials with appropriate precautions such as:  Use gloves, masks, and gowns if blood or OPIM exposure is anticipated.  Use engineering and work practice controls to limit exposure.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this presentation participants shall be able to: Understand the requirements of the NWHSU Exposure Control Plan Describe the primary diseases the exposure plan covers Explain the modes of transmission of HBV and HIV Describe the personal protective equipment (PPE) that serve as effective barriers for infectious fluids Describe labeling requirements for contaminated waste and appropriate disposal procedures

Work practice controls

Work Practice Controls Work practice controls are practices that reduce the likelihood of exposure by changing the way a task is performed. exWork Practice Controls Include: Hand washing Establishing a Clean Field Proper needling technique and removal of needles Proper cleaning and disinfection practices No Eating or Drinking in Patient Care areas or medication / herbal preparation areas Minimize risk of hand to mouth transmission of infectious agents

Work Practice and Engineering Controls

Work Practice and Engineering Controls are strategies and practices aimed at minimizing and removing the risk of employee exposure to infectious materials

Post Exposure Procedures

inform their supervisor immediately clean the affected body part with hot water and soap, and apply first aid if necessary and appropriate. Locate the BBP Exposure information packet located in each clinic and near the elevators on all three floors Review the packet and follow all applicable procedures outlined in the packet in sequential order. Contact the NWHSU exposure control officer at ext. 309 If the area requires disinfection contact the Physical Plant Director Ext. 394 All exposure incidents must be reported to the exposure control officer within 24 hours of occurrence: Exposure Control Officer: Christian I. Jovanovic x309

HIV causes

shared needles unprotected sex mother to fetus infected blood