BTE 210 - FINAL Exam
Multidimensional analysis - Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
"Slicing and dicing" data stored in a dimensional format, drilling down in greater detail and aggregating data ex of BI systems
Business Intelligence is a process of transforming
- Data --> Information - Information --> Knowledge - Knowledge --> Wisdom
How does BI work?
- Have a set of daily transactions that are stored in operation things, so CRM (sales marketing service), ERP, supply chain (finance and accounting) - Not enough info to make decisions using this software - Enterprise-Wide Need Departmental Need Smaller organizations: Excel spreadsheets -- Able to solve problems w/ just excel and tabloid - Larger organizations: data mining, predictive analytics, dashboards -- Need a lot more for visualizing data to make decisions - ex) need ERP and CRM for selling markers at UM - Need aces to all of these systems in order to make decisions -- Take feeds from ERP, CRM, SCM and put them in Data Warehouse and put then in Department needs - Every department we can create a slice - (intuitively) Where do people spend most of the time in business? → getting the data
Infrared Transmission Systems
- Infrared light -- Red light not visible to eye - Use for short-distance connections - Common uses are in remote control units for TVs, VCRs, DVDs, CD players
The 3 basic roles of Managers
1. Interpersonal roles 2. Informational roles 3. Decisional roles
Strategic planning
Ex: senior vice president of how to go into the market support needed - EIS, ES, neural networks
Wired Internet Connections
Fiber is the fastest - 10x copper - Ligthweiht - Cable of choice for urban environment Coaxial cable Plane is connected to wifi
Main Building blocks of a Computer
Motherboard - Where the processor is connected Processors (CPU) - Its a square, inch by inch - the brain - It gets rly hot with it working, so to protect it is a "Heat Sink" RAM Modules Optical Drive Power Supply System Fan Heat Sink - A fan that cools down the CPU Floppy
Hardware - Primary Storage
Temporarily stores data and program instructions during the processing - Registers - part of the CPU; they have the least capacity & only store immediately before and after processing
Internet Connection Methods - Wired Networks
Yes - high-security - very high speeds - rlly long cables for cheap - plug and play No - Cables can be damaged
Multiprocessing
use of two or more CPUs w/in a single computer system, so multiple concurrent software processes can be executed in one instance
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- An IaaS cloud vendor runs and manages server farms running virtualization software, enabling u to create Virtual Machines (VM) that run on the vendor's infrastructure - Depending on the vendor, u can create a VM running Windows or Linus OX and install anything u want on it - Typically, IaaS provider will allow u to set up virtual networks, load balancers, and storage and to use many other services that run on its infrastrucure - U don't have control over the hardware or virtualization software, but u do have control over almost everything else (unlike PaaS, you are completely responsible) - Typically, IaaS provider enables the "lift and shift" model for migration to the Cloud. You can configure a VM similar to the infrastructure currently running ur services in ur datacenters and migrate ur software to the new VM Provides same technologies and capabilities as a traditional data center w/out having to physically maintain or manage all of it = infrastructure through virtualization. Access is through a dashboard offering a complete control over the entire infrastructure
ERP Application Software
- An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a software application with a centralized database that can be used to run an entire company. - All data in an ERP system is stored in a single, central database. Consequently, data entered in one part of the company can be immediately available to other parts of the company. - An ERP can be used to manage an entire organization's operations. - Companies need to purchase modules for an ERP that represent different functions within the organization. Some companies choose to purchase many modules, others choose a subset of the modules. - When an ERP vendor designs a module, it must implement the rules for the associated business processes. These rules reflects the best practices for that process within a giving industry. - The implementation of an ERP system is an excellent opportunity to improve business practices.
Application Software
- Consists of instructions that direct a computer system to perform specific info-processing activities and to provide functionality for users - Personal Application Software -- Spreadsheets -- Word Processing -- Data Management -- Presentation -- Graphics -- Personal Finance -- Communications - Commercial Applications -- Proprietary Software - software that has been developed by a company and has restrictions on its use, copying, and modification. (usually the source code of this is not made available, and mods are only done w/ develop comp) -- Commercial Software: CRM, ERP, etc.
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
- Covers a large geographical area. WANs typically connect multiple LANs - Provided by common carriers such as telephone companies and the international networks of global communications services providers - Large capacity, and they typically combine multiple channels (e.g., fiber-optic cables, microwave, and satellite) - The Internet is an example of a WAN
Examples of BI systems/applications
- Customer Analytics - Human Capital Productivity Analysis - Business Productivity Analytics - Sales Channel Analytics - Supply Chain Analytics - Behavior Analytics
Capacity w/ CC
- Def gonna be a pt of time where u want an upgrade on the structure or get another printer or another computer - Gotta keep growing infrastructure and capability - What do u call the area in between the grap → excess in capacity -? Dead-weight lost = waste - The real need for demand spikes over what u actually have to deal with so companies constantly have to buy more in other to do this which ultimately produces more and more waste - Elasticity is the demand
Why do we need cloud computing?
- File storage: You can store all types of information in the cloud, including files and email. ... - File sharing: The cloud makes it easy to share files with several people at the same time. ... - Backing up data: You can also use the cloud to protect your files.
Semi-structured Ex:
- Get a loan from someone, know how much they are earning and how much they are spending - Even if its negative, were not gonna say no: maybe got a new job and their value got even more or we can secure their value of the house (secure if they don't pay) then maybe we will pay - Some sort of formal we have to comply but at the end of the day its the decision of what they think
Examples of Iaas?
- Google Compute Engine (GCE) - Rackspace - Linode - DigitalOcean - Amazon Web Services (AWS) - Cisco Metacloud - Microsoft Azure
Disadvantages of SaaS?
- Interoperability - Vendor lock-in - Lack of integration support - Data security - Customization - Lack of control - Feature limitations - Performance and downtime
CPU - Central Processing Unit
- Manipulates the data and controls the tasks performed by the other components - The "brain" - CPUs have had a remarkable performance improvement over the years Consists of - Arithmetic-Logic Unit which performs simple math and logic (comparison) - Control Unit (CU) which controls all computer parts (reads from memory and transfers info around) - Cache memory; Based on the instructions, a CPU does 3 things: 1. Perform mathematical operations 2. Processes and transfers data 3. Makes decisions
Software Licensing and Open Source
- Many people routinely copy proprietary software (BUT, making copies w/out their permi is illegal) - A software license is a legal instrument governing the use or redistribution of software - A typical software license grants the licensee, typically an end-user, permission to use one or more copies of software in ways where such a use would otherwise potentially constitute copyright infringement of the software owner's exclusive rights under copyright - Open-source software is computer software whose source code, unlike other copyright source code, is available under a license that permits users to study, change, improve, and at times also distribute it
BI Applications
- Multidimensional analysis - Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) - Data Mining - Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Types of Managerial Decisions (nature of decision)
- Operational Control - Management Control - Strategic Planning
What are the 4 Cloud Deployment Models?
- Public cloud - Private cloud - Hybrid cloud - Multi-cloud
Advantages of SaaS?
- Reduce time/$$$ spent on long installing, managing, and upgrading software - Frees time for technical staff to spend on more imp things
Disadv of Cloud Computing
- Requires constant internet connection - Low-speed connections do not work well - Features of cloud-based application software limited compared to desktop versions (Office 365 vs. Local Installation of Office)
Mainframe Computers
- Scaled down version of supercom - High end performance that are still handle millions of transactions per day
Disadvantages of IaaS?
- Security - Legacy systems operating in the cloud - Internal resources and training - Multi-tenant security
Bluetooth transmission systems
- Short-range wireless network using radio waves that is utilized to create small personal area networks - Bluetooth 1.2 can link up to 8 devices w/in 30ft, w/ badnwidth of 721 Kbps - Bluetooth 4.2 can transmit up to 1 Mbps w/in 200ft - Bluetooth 5 can transmit up to 2 Mbps w/in 800 ft
Advantages of PaaS?
- Simple, Cost-effective (-$) development/deployment of apps - Scalable - Highly available - Developers can customize apps w/out the headache of maintaining the software - Significant reduction in the amount of coding needed
Software as a Service (SaaS)
- Software that is centrally hosted and managed for the end customer - It usually is based on a multitenant architecture- a single version of the application is used for all customers. It can be scaled out to multiple instances to ensure the best performance in all locations - Typically is licensed through a monthly or annual subscription - Ex: Microsoft Office 365 -- Subs pay a monthly/annual sub fee -- Exchange as a Service (online &/or desktop Outlook) -- Storage as a Service (OneDrive) -- Rest of the Microsoft Office Suite (online, desktop ver, both) - Subscribers are always provided the most recent version; compared to installing and upgrading Office every year, this is much less expensive and requires much less effort to keep updated - Other ex: Dropbox, wordpress, amazon kindle Web delivery model eliminates the need to have IT staff download and install applications on each individual computer and offers over-the Internet delivery of software
When to use IaaS?
- Startups may prefer it to avoid spending time/$$$ on purchasing hardware & software - Larger companies may prefer to retain complete control over their applications and infrastructure, but they want to purchase only what they actually need/consume - Companies experiencing rapid growth like the scalability of it, and they can change out specific hardware and software easily as their needs evolve
When to use SaaS?
- Startups/small companies that need to launch quickly - Short-term projects that require quick, easy, and affordable collaboration - Applications that aren't needed too often, such as tax software - Applications that need both web and mobile access
When to use PaaS?
- Streamlines workflows when multiple developers (even not in ur org) are working on the same development project - When u need to create customized applications - When u seek to reduce costs and simplify challenges associated w/ rapid app development/deployment
CC Characteristics
- The "no-need-to-know" in terms of the underlying details of infrastructure - The "flexibility and elasticity" allows these systems to scale up and down - The "pay as much as used and needed" type of utility computing and the "always on, anywhere and any place" type of network-based computing
Advantages of IaaS?
- The most flexible cloud computing model - Easy to automate deployment of storage, networking, servers, and processing power - Hardware purchases can be based on consumption - Clients retain complete control of their infrastructure - Resources can be purchased as-needed - Highly scalable
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- U deploy ur application into an application-hosting environment provided by the cloud service vendor - The developer provides the application, and the PaaS vendor provides the ability to deploy and run it - This frees developers from hardware infrastructure management, allowing them to focus strictly on the development of software Instead of delivering the software over the internet, it provides a platform for software creation Platform is delivered via the web, giving developers the freedom to concentrate on building the software w/out having to worry ab operating systems, software updates, storage, or infrastructure
Data Mining
- Use the computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of AI, machine learning, statistics, and database systems - Examines large databases to produce new info - Uses statistical methods and artificial intelligence to analyze data - Finds hidden features of the data that were not yet known ex) 0,4,10, ___ (answer is 14)
Highly UNstructured Ex:
- Where to open the Miami branch of cars: downtown miami? - These types of decisions are not structured at all, need a lot of data and info to make a decision
Microwave transmission systems
- Widely used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point communication - Require line-of-sight -- Transmitter and receiver are in view of each other -- Due to curvature of the earth, microwave towers cannot be spaced more than 30 miles apart - Transmission of digital and analog signals, such as long-distance telephone calls, television programs, and computer data - Susceptible to environmental interference Ex: GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Radar, Medial equipment, Military
Highly Structured Ex:
- how much markers we want, subtotal, if u want an extra item then how many purple markers u want, get another subtotal, know the zip code of where u want to ship, then know the taxes for that zip code, ⇒ know the entire cost of the order - How many u want, what u want → know exactly the whole order
Desktop PC
- the familiar microcomputer system that has become a standard tool for business and the home - A desktop generally includes a CPU - Sep. monitor and keyboard
Operating Systems - 7 key functions
1. Manage processing tasks (task management) [manage apps] 2. Manage system memory (memory management) 3. Control access to system resources (device management) 4. Provide a UI (GUI) 5. Provide a degree of hardware independence from app soft 6. Provide networking capability 7. Manage files
What is Cloud Computing? (CC)
A method for delivering business and IT services. It promises businesses and users to acquire the IT resources they need, just when they need it - It is a form of on-demand IT service provisioning and utilization - CC is the use of network resources, principally internet resources, to provide on-demand data processing and storage
Hardware - Input Devices
Accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that a computer can understand Ex: - Keyboard - Mouse - Scanners - Digital cameras - Joysticks - Microphones - Sensors
Hardware - Output Devices
Accept data and instructions from computer and convert them to a form that a human can understand Ex: - Monitors - Printers - Speakers
Satellite Transmission Systems
Advantages: - High bandwidth - Large coverage area Disadvantages - $$$ - Requires unobstructed line of sight - Signals experience propagation delay - Requires the use of encryption for security
Cloud Deployment Models - Multi-cloud
Any combination of on-premises, off-premises and public cloud platforms, where cloud resources are spread across several cloud-hosting environments
Bits and Bytes
Bit - on/off - ON = 1 - OFF = 0 Bit - smallest unit of data Byte - smallest addressable unit of data 8 bits = 1 bye
Cloud Deployment Models - Hybrid cloud
Bridges the gap btwn private and public clouds: - Cloud resources are consumed & operated in a common way across both clouds, enabling portability of services across the various underlying cloud infrastructures Adv: - Policy-driven deployment - High scalability - Minimal security risks - Workload diversity supports high reliability - Improved security Disadv: - Potential for high TCO - Compatibility and integration - Added complexity
WANs
Cellular Radio (Cellular telephones) - 4G: in theory, 100 Mbps for high-mobility communications such as cars and trains, and 1 Gbps for low-mobility coms such as pedestrians - A 4G system is expected to provide a secure all-IP-based mobile broadband systems to all types of mobile devices - Many of the current "4G" offerings do not meet the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) specified speeds, but they call their service 4G nonetheless Cellular Radio (Cellular telephones) - LTE (Long Term Evolution): technology designed to support roaming Internet access via smartphone and handheld devices - XLTE (advance LTE): desigend to handle netowrk congestion when too many people in one are try to access an LTE network. Provide all users with no decrease in bandwidth. - 5G: began being deployed in 2019. Data rates up to 10 Gbps. Chicago, Minneapolis, Miami. T-mobile, Verizon, AT&T. 4G devices incompatible.
Cloud Deployment Models - Private cloud
Cloud Deployment Models - Private cloud - Cloud resources are built and consumed exclusively by the same org and maintained on a private network - Private clouds can be physically located on-premises in an organization's data center or hosted by a 3rd-party service provider Adv: - Dedicated, secure - Regulation compliant - Customizable - High scalability - Efficient Disadv: - Expensive w/ high TCO - Minimal mobile access - Limiting infrastructure
Cloud Deployment Models - Public cloud
Cloud resources (ex: hardware, software, services) are built, owned, operated and maintained by a 3rd-party cloud service provider - These resources are delivered for public consumption over the internet and shared by multiple organizations Adv: - No maintenance costs - High scalability - Reduced complexity - Flexible pricing - Agile for innovation Disadv: - Potential for high TCO - Decreased security & availability - Minimal control
Role of Software
Computer hardware is generally of no use without an operating system and application software running on it - Computers are only as smart or sophisticated as the software running them - Software program: A series of statements or instructions to the computer - 2 major types of software 1. System software - System software: Generalized programs that manage the computer's resources 2. Application software - Programs written for or by users to perform a specific task
Examples from HIM: Markers TRANSFORMING BI
Examples from HIM: Markers The markers cost a $1 → no context => doesn't mean anything or good or bad Need context around it The purple is $3 and the black one is $1 → think purple marker is better quality since its more expensive, but then told the cost to manufacture is the same (50 cents) → the purple is more profitable (x5 profit) ^ we just created the meaning Took the contextual info and took the meaning (quality), so know all the info became knowledge for the company Maximize profits → sell purple Contain the cost, manufacture less of? The brown one (doesn't matter which to cut, but keep manufacturing the more profitable one) Different assumptions gives out different answers Inside that professors use brown more, order more of brown than purple Adding little bit of something from getting a stupid fact $1 per marker to figuring out how to manufacture these things Just shows: (the pyramid) one way to define business intelligence → the pyramid 2 definitions of Business Intelligence we need to know
System Software
Generalized programs that manage the computer's resources and is designed to provide a platform for other software - Operating systems (ODS) - Programming languages - System utilities, etc. The most essential type of system software the OS
Management Control
In between Managing employees and maybe other managers support needed - management science, DSS, EIS, ES
What is data? What are examples? How is it connected to _____?
Individual facts, figures, signals, measurements Ex: "The marker cost $1" It is connected to information by context
Internet Addressing
Internet Protocol (IP) Address: A unique address to each computer on the Internet that distinguishes it from all other computers - IPv4 - the most widely used format (135.62.128.91) and has max 2^32 - IPv6 - Can accommodate more devices (smart phones) ex: http://[200.:db8... The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names (ICANN.org) - Coordinates unique IP address assignments globally - Accredits' registrars that provide a name to computers Domain Name system (DNS) - Easy-to-remember names for some IP addresses, like business.miami.edu - Top Level Domain (TLD): .com, .edu, .mil, .gov, .org,
Midrange computers (minicomputers)
Large midrange computers that are relatively small, inexpensive, and compact computers that perform the same functions as mainframe computers but to a more limited extent
Adv of Cloud Computing
Lower Cost - No need for a high-priced computer Increased Flexibility - Self-service and Pay-per-use - Multitenancy - Elastic Capacity Improved Performance - Computer performance - Instant software updates - Increased data reliability / celntralization - Device independence
Types of Decisions
Lowest of control: Operational control Orange color is somewhere in between Highest of strategic planning is highest control Each control/job needs different support needs (ex: MIS vs. ESS)
What is information? What are examples? How is it connected to _____?
Organized, structured, categorized, useful, condensed, calculated Ex: The purple is $3 and the black one is $1 → think purple marker is better quality since its more expensive, but then told the cost to manufacture is the same (50 cents) → the purple is more profitable (x5 profit) --> this creates the meaning It is connected to data through context, but is connected to knowledge through meaning
Storage - Speed vs. Size Tradeoff
Speed & Cost directly correlated Size & Cost are indirectly correlated
Task Management
Task Management - The OS is responsible for controlling and scheduling what data are sent to the CPU for processing - By rapidly switching between processes, the OS can give the appearance that it is running a multitude of processes simultaneously, called multitasking - Multitasking - process of executing multiple tasks sim., This max the use of the CPU and accomplished by: -- Multiprocessing -- Multithreading
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
The management of information flows between and among activities in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability Supply Chain Management Systems enables key supply chain processes - Plan: Balances resources w/ reqs - Source: Processes that procure goods and services needed to create a specific product or service - Make: Processes that transform a product into a finished state to meet planned or actual demand - Deliver: Processes that provide finished goods and services to meet actual or planned demand - Return: Processes associated w/ returning products or receiving returned products Examples of SCM Solutions - Supply Chain Planning Systems: Enables a firm to generate demand forecasts for a product and to develop sourcing and manufacturing plans - Demand Planning: Determining how much product a business needs to make to satisfy all its customers' demands - Supply Chain Execution Systems: Manage the flow of products through distribution centers to ensure that they are delivered to the right locations in the most efficient manner - Supply Chain Performance monitoring
Information Gap
The shortfall btwn gathering info and using it for decision making - Firms have inadequate data warehouses - Business Analysts spend 80% of the time gathering, cleaning, and preparing data for analysis, and 30% - what they are actually paid to do - analyzing it and making decisions - What if we were to invert this paradigm: -- 20% prepare data -- 80% analyze it - BI seeks to bridge the information gap
Types of Wireless Networks - Wireless Transmission Media (WTM)
Transmit signals w/out wires Main types of these channels: - Microwave - Satellite - Infrared - Radio (-walls->)
Wireless
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) - medium-range Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) - Wireless Mesh Networks use of multiple Wi-Fi access pts to create a wide area netw can be quite large and are essentially a series of interconnected local area networks - Access Point (AP) - device (base station) that connects wireless devices together -- norm 300 ft peri -- norm connected to a wired-network - ESSID (Extended Service Set ID) - "name" for the AP, eg. Mobilenet - Hotspot - the area covered by wireless access pts
Internet Connection Methods - Wireless Networks
Yes - Convenient, freedom - Less/no cables - More people connecting to 1 access pt No - Limited signal range, speed decreases further away u go - Signals can be intercepted - Signals affected by other signals and radio waves - Speed not as fast as wired networks
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
a company-wide business strategy designed to optimize profitability, revenue, and customer satisfaction by focusing on highly defined and precise customer groups - CRM systems allow managing a company's interaction w/ current and future customers and help firms maximize the benefits of their customer assets - We are familiar w/ CRM systems from companies that we do business w/: -- Ur car dealer sends u a letter/card letting u know that r card needs service -- Netflix. recommends a new show -- Expedia sends u offers for cities u have visited
Operating System Software (OS)
controls the application software and manages how the hardware devices work together Every general computer has an OS Classified by primary purpose: - Single user: designed primarily for a single use (ex: windows, mac os) - Multiuser: permits 100s of concurrent users
Hardware - Primary Storage - Cache Memory
high-speed memory that enables the computer to temporarily store blocks of data that are used more often and that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory (RAM). Cache memory is physically located closed to the CPU than RAM
What is knowledge? What are examples? How is it connected to _____?
idea, learning, notion, concept, synthesized, compared, thought-out, discussed Ex: we just created the meaning Took the contextual info and took the meaning (quality), so know all the info became knowledge for the company so in order to maximize profits → sell purple Contain the cost, manufacture less of? The brown one (doesn't matter which to cut, but keep manufacturing the more profitable one) It is connected to information through meaning, but is connected to wisdom through insight
What is Business Intelligence (BI)
is a collection of comprehensive, cohesive, integrated tools and process to: - Capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data - Generate info to support business decision making It's a process of transforming
BIOS (Basic Input Output Storage)
is firmware that performs hardware initialization during the booting process, and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs The BIOS is responsible for loading and starting the OS and establishing device management
Laptop and Notebook
small, easily transportable, lightweight, efficient
Hardware - Secondary Storage
stores data and programs for future use - Magnetic Tape - Magnetic Discs Solid State Drives (SDD) - data storage devices that serve the same purpose as a hard drive and store data in memory chips. Whereas hard drives have moving parts, SSDs do NOT Optical Storage Devices Flash Memory (memory cards) = nonvolatile electronic storage devices that contain no moving parts and use 30 times less battery power than hard drives
Microcomputers (PCs)
the smallest and least expensive category of general=purpose computers
Hardware - Primary Storage - Read-Only Memory (ROM)
type of chip where certain critical instructions are safeguarded. ROM is nonvolatile, so it retians these instructions when the power is turned off - Stores all or part of active software program - Stores operating system software - Stores data the program is using
Hardware
types of computers, components (CPU, storages, input/output devices) - what they do, examples
What is wisdom? What are examples? How is it connected to _____?
understanding, integration, applied, reflected upon, actionable, accumulated, principles, patterns, decision-making process Ex: so know all the info became knowledge for the company Maximize profits → sell purple Contain the cost, manufacture less of? The brown one (doesn't matter which to cut, but keep manufacturing the more profitable one) Different assumptions gives out different answers Inside that professors use brown more, order more of brown than purple ==> insight on how to maximize profits on the product It is connected to knowledge through insight
Multithreading
ability to run several parts of the program in parallel, so you can subdivide specific operations, w/in a single app into individual threads that run in ||
How is the speed of a network measured?
bps (bits per second)
Personal Area Networks (PANs)
computer networks used for communication among digital devices (including telephones and PDAs) that are close to one person
Hardware - Primary Storage - Random Access Memory (RAM)
holds a software program and small amts of data for processing
Examples of PaaS
- AWS Elastic Beanstalk - Google App Engine - OpenShift - Heroku - Windows Azure
Disadvantages of PaaS?
- Data security - Integrations - Vendor lock-in - Customization of legacy systems - Runtime issues - Operational limitations
Thin-client systems
- Don't offer the full fuct of a PC - Less complex, b/c do not have locally installed software - If they run an app, they access it from a server over a network, not local disk drive
Examples of SaaS?
- Google - Workspace - Dropbox - Salesforce - Cisco WebEx - SAP Concur - GoToMeeting
Supercomputers
- Military, gov, scientist - The fastest computers possible - $$$ - Very large datasets
What are the 3 cloud models?
- Software as a Service (SaaS) - Platform as a Service (PaaS) - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
The 6 Reasons why Business Care about the Cloud
1. Great availability of resources 2. On-demand self service 3. Easy maintenance 4. Pay as you go 5. Automatic system 6. Large network access
Decision Support System (DSS)
Combine models and data in an attempt to solve semi-structured/unstructured problems, e.g.: sensitivity analysis, what-if analysis goal seeking analysis
Operational control
Ex: Manager of McDonald's w/ 5 employees → strictly operational support needed - MIS, management science
Problem Structure
Highly structure - order entry Semi-structured - loam approval Highly unstructured - determining a new store location
Local Area Networks (LANs)
Interconnects computers w/in a limited area such as residence, school, UM or office - Allows sharing of costly resources such as printers by all computers - Central storage and backup can be provided in one place so all work is saved together - Data and software can be shared, and upgrading is easier
