BUS 360 Cross Cultural Final

Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones to her colleague? Select one: a. reflective component b. cognitive component c. behavioral component d. positive component e. affective component

Affective component

The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing is termed ________. Select one: a. aversiveness b. team orientation c. assertiveness d. aggressiveness

Aggressiveness

Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. Select one: a. think b. cohesion c. maturity d. associability e. affect

Cohesion

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification, people belonging to the feeling type use reason and logic to solve problems. Select one: True False

False

Psychology contributes to the study of organizational behavior at the macro level whereas anthropology contributes at the micro level. Select one: True False

False

The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace, is called cohesive behavior. Select one: True False

False

The major advantage of flextime is that it can be used for all categories of jobs. Select one: True False

False [No - Flextime's major drawback is that it's not applicable to every job or every worker. It works well with clerical tasks for which an employee's interaction with people outside his or her department is limited. It is not a viable option for receptionists, sales personnel in retail stores, or people whose service jobs require them to be at their workstations at predetermined times.]

Describe the honeymoon/hangover effect with regards to job satisfaction.

It is very common for employees to feel high levels of satisfaction early on when at a new company. Even so, this "honeymoon" effect lasts only for about 2-3 months. Afterwords, these employees often experience a lowering of their Job Satisfaction to their set point. This set point is often considered similar to the job satisfaction of their past job. For this reason, they experience the "hangover" effect.

Megan Smith, who works as a sales executive at Orbit Bank, has been failing to meet her sales targets for the last 10 months. Recently, she had a face-to-face discussion with her manager where she said that the unrealistic targets were the reason for her underperformance. The manager, however, noticed that all the other team members were achieving their targets and sometimes were even achieving more than the set numbers. Which of the following is Smith's behavior most likely to be characterized by according to the attribution theory? Select one: a. high rigidity b. low consistency c. low consensus d. low distinctiveness

Low consensus

Heather Donahue who works as a receptionist at a finance firm in New Jersey has been dissatisfied with her job for several months now. She finds the job uninteresting because of its monotonous nature where all she needs to do is receive calls. During work hours, she often experiences emotions such as tiredness, weariness, and boredom. Which of the following mood dimensions is she most likely to be experiencing? Select one: a. high negative affect b. high positive affect c. low positive affect d. neutral affect e. low negative affect

Low negative affect

John works for IBM. John knows that the only reason he holds his current position is because IBM had provided him with months and months of specialized and expensive training. Although any of IBM's competitors would be happy to hire John, he decides to stay because he feels that he owes IBM. This is an example of _____ commitment. Select one: a. behavioral b. continuance c. normative d. affective

Normative

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance? Select one: a. People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control. b. People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial. c. People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important. d. High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards.

People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.

Which of the following is an example of deep acting? Select one: a. Tendai tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project. b. Madison conceals her emotions and politely talks to a customer even though he is annoying her. c. Sarah ignores a colleague's question because she knows he has a personal grudge against her. d. Shawn smiles at his manager even though last week he was passed off for a promotion.

Tendai tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project.

Identify and describe in your own words the three components of employee engagement.

The three components of employee engagement are as follows: Vigor: This component focuses on the intensity at which one actively applies themselves in the work place. Dedication: This component focuses on the true satisfaction and self-satisfaction this job brings to them. Absorbtion: This component focuses on how one experiences "flow" in the workplace. Absorbed employees often can be so focused on a project that they can look up and realize that they should have left work hours ago.

What are the three dimensions of organizational commitment? Describe each with examples.

The three dimensions of organizational commitment are: Affective: Your true enjoyment or appreciation for the company you are at. Example: When I work somewhere and have really strong relationships with my coworkers. Continuance: How this company satisfies your economic needs. Is this the best place to work in order to make money? Example: I have to consider whether I should go to the rival firm and the pay is the most important factor to consider. Normative: How much of I owe this company. Example: If I feel that this company made me who I am and improved me drastically as a professional, I might not want to leave as I have such a connection with the company.

Which of the following is most likely to be true regarding people with a high level of other-orientation? Select one: a. They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation. b. They feel obligated to help people who have helped them. c. They believe that others exist for their benefit. d. They help people when they expect to be helped in the future.

They feel obligated to help people who have helped them.

Group decisions are generally less accurate than the judgments of the most accurate individual in the group. Select one: True False

True

The job characteristic model fails to consider the role social support plays in employee motivation. Select one: True False

True

The relationship between pay and job satisfaction virtually disappears when one earns a pay package sufficient for or more than the comfortable living amount. Select one: True False

True

Trait theories of leadership more accurately predict the emergence of leadership than the effectiveness of leadership. Select one: True False

True

Transformational leadership has a greater impact on the bottom line in smaller, privately held firms than in more complex organizations. Select one: True False

True

Using teams makes sense when there is interdependence among tasks. Select one: True False

True

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior? Select one: a. An employee is late to work because of a punctured tire. b. An employee was fired because he violated a company policy. c. An employee postpones a meeting because he overslept. d. An employee was promoted when he achieved more than the assigned objectives.

a. An employee is late to work because of a punctured tire.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group has on the performance of the group? Select one: a. As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving. b. Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller ones. c. The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior. d. Evidence indicates that individuals perform better in larger groups than in smaller ones.

a. As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving.

Which of the following best describes cultural differences in the facial expression of emotion? Select one: a. Facial expressions for certain emotions do not differ significantly across cultures. b. Facial expressions vary from one culture to another. c. Caucasians are more expressive than Asians. d. It typically takes up to two years of living in a culture before people can recognize the facial expressions of emotion in that culture.

a. Facial expressions for certain emotions do not differ significantly across cultures.

Kristi works as a campaign manager at a non-profit organization in Manhattan. She was recently asked by her supervisor to give a presentation on the progress of the ongoing climate campaign. However, throughout the presentation, her colleague Wade interrupts her by asking irrelevant questions. In addition, he tries to insult her by constantly criticizing key findings and objectives achieved. Though Kristi initially tried to be patient, she eventually loses her cool and retorts back asking him to keep his questions and clarifications for the end of the presentation. Which of the following is a reason why Kristi's reaction can be categorized as an emotion instead of a mood? Select one: a. It is caused by a specific event b. It is not action-oriented c. Its cause is general and ambiguous d. It incorporates both positive and negative dimensions of affect

a. It is caused by a specific event

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of charismatic leaders? Select one: a. Tendency to act on values and beliefs openly and candidly b. Willingness to take on high personal risk c. Behavior that is novel or counter to norms d. Sensitivity to follower needs

a. Tendency to act on values and beliefs openly and candidly

Erin Corbett works at a software company, in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontent customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood? Select one: a. The anger has a contextual stimulus. b. The cause of her behavior is unclear. c. The feeling of being angry is prolonged. d. The response is void of action. e. The response is cognitive in nature.

a. The anger has a contextual stimulus.

Brad and Tim go to University of Portland. Tim's identical twin brother, Carl, attends Gonzaga. Brad and Tim frequently go to the Pilot House to unwind. While there, Tim gets attention from the ladies, as does Brad. Oh, the fun they have! One weekend, Carl decides to visit. Before going out, Carl has an unfortunate accident while shaving, leaving his face cut up and making him arguably way less attractive. Poor Gonzaga guy. Nevertheless, the three of them hit the town. According to Dan Ariely's research, what likely happens? Select one: a. Tim gets more attention than normal because Carl, the uglier version of himself, is making him look better to the ladies. b. Brad gets more attention than Tim or Carl because people are generally fearful of twins. c. Carl gets more attention than Brad or Tim because women have a natural tendency to try to nurture individuals who appear in distress or harmed. d. Carl gets beat up because Gonzaga ain't got no business being in the Pilot House.

a. Tim gets more attention than normal because Carl, the uglier version of himself, is making him look better to the ladies.

According to the principle of unity of command, ________. Select one: a. an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor b. managers should limit their oversight to a maximum of 12 employees c. employees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance d. an organization should be departmentalized on the basis of functions

a. an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor

What are the three general categories of key components of effective teams? Select one: a. context, composition, and process factors b. cardinal, central, and secondary factors c. basic, functional, and strategic factors d. internal, external, and peripheral factors

a. context, composition, and process factors

Which aspect of transformational leadership occurs when a leader provides vision and a sense of mission to followers, instills pride, and gains their respect and trust? Select one: a. idealized influence b. inspirational motivation c. individualized consideration d. intellectual stimulation

a. idealized influence

A local government work crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew the dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little except draw their pay. Which of the following classes of norms encompasses arrangements like this? Select one: a. resource allocation norms b. reference norms c. appearance norms d. performance norms

a. resource allocation norms

Which of the following is one way that could help encourage group cohesion? Select one: a. stimulate competition with other groups b. decrease the perceived difficulty of attaining membership in the grou c. make the group larger d. reward individuals rather than the group

a. stimulate competition with other groups

With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the investigating type prefer ________. Select one: a. ambiguous and imaginative activities that allow creative expression b. activities that involve helping and developing others c. activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding d. activities in which there are opportunities to influence others

activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding

________ refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized. Select one: a. Decentralization b. Formalization c. Departmentalization d. Work specialization e. Empowerment

b. Formalization

Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation? Select one: a. It decreases the flexibility with which an organization can adapt to a change. b. It decreases productivity in the short-run. c. It decreases supervisory workload. d. It decreases employee motivation.

b. It decreases productivity in the short-run.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the managed conflict perspective? Select one: a. It classifies conflicts into functional and dysfunctional conflicts. b. It is based on the view that conflicts reduce the long-term viability of the group. c. It argues that all conflicts are bad and should be eliminated d. It proposes that some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively.

b. It is based on the view that conflicts reduce the long-term viability of the group.

Amanda Winter used to work as a public engagement coordinator at Safe Food Alliance, until three months ago when her manager, Laura Morris, promoted her to the position of a sustainable food campaigner. However, soon after this, Laura noticed that Amanda was facing major difficulties in achieving campaign milestones and the project was falling behind schedule due to her lack of performance. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Laura was influenced by the halo effect in her decision to promote Amanda? Select one: a. Laura is known to micromanage most of her projects. b. Laura sat in on only one of Amanda's presentations prior to giving her the promotion. c. Laura worked closely with Amanda over a period of 8 months. d. Laura has made good hiring decisions in the past and is known to be an unbiased judge of character. e. Laura uses cultural stereotyping in order to speed up the process of decision making.

b. Laura sat in on only one of Amanda's presentations prior to giving her the promotion

Rachel Wang heads an ad agency in Texas and regularly needs to work with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for products. For one of the company's esteemed clients, Wang and her team need to brainstorm ideas for a slogan for the client's new line of clothing. In such a situation, why is it particularly important for Wang to keep her team happy? Select one: a. People take a long time at processing information when they are in a good mood. b. People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood. c. People are less likely to use rules of thumb when they are in a good mood. d. People tend to weigh all options to make less likely decisions when in a good mood.

b. People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood.

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory? Select one: a. Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather than high power-distance cultures. b. People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. c. Generalized goals produce a higher level of output as compared to specific goals. d. Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback. e. Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control.

b. People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

Which of the following Big Five characteristics is NOT related to leadership emergence? Select one: a. openness to experience b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. extraversion

b. agreeableness

A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________. Select one: a. incremental decision making b. bounded rationality c. optimal decision making d. intuitive decision making

b. bounded rationality

Blake was interviewing candidates for a job. One particular candidate, Kendall, performed quite well, answering questions with ease and exhibiting a great deal of charisma. After that interview, Blake interviewed another candidate, Ben, who he wound up scoring fairly low. He wasn't actually a bad candidate - he just didn't seem as good because he went right after the charismatic Kendall. In fact, had he gone before Kendall, he would have scored much higher. What is the most likely explanation for Ben scoring so low? Select one: a. self-serving bias b. contrast effect c. fundamental attribution error d. confirmation bias

b. contrast effect

Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by ________. Select one: a. properly rewarding employees' initiatives b. establishing norms that filter down through the organization c. ensuring a proper match of personal and organizational values d. socializing new applicants in the pre-hiring phase

b. establishing norms that filter down through the organization

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, the ENTP type of people are most likely to be ________. Select one: a. innovative b. stubborn c. skeptical d. illogical

b. innovative

In her work in the publishing industry, Julia Finch seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Finch's job attitude be best described? Select one: a. high psychological empowerment b. low job satisfaction c. low job involvement d. high positivity offset

b. low job satisfaction

The conflict-handling techniques are characterized by two dimensions, cooperativeness and assertiveness. Cooperativeness indicates the degree to which ________. Select one: a. one party attempts to satisfy his or her own concerns b. one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns c. the parties attempt to find a win-win solution d. one party attempts to suppress the conflict

b. one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns

According to the concept of equity sensitivity, entitled individuals: Select one: a. prefer an input/output ratio that is equitable when compared to others b. prefer an input/output ratio that is higher than that of comparison others c. are more tolerant of an input/output ratio that is lower than that of comparison others d. believe they deserve to make more input/output comparisons than others

b. prefer an input/output ratio that is higher than that of comparison others

Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in Namibia and help get into jobs which can sustain themselves. According to Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types will best suit Help Aid's requirement? Select one: a. realistic b. social c. artistic d. enterprising e. conventional

b. social

Work should be performed by an individual if ________. Select one: a. the work is simple and does not require diverse input b. the work creates a common purpose or set of goals c. several tasks that are interdependent are to be performed for completing the work d. the work is complex and requires different perspectives

b. the work creates a common purpose or set of goals

With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship? Select one: a. An employee lacks the skills required to reach the desired performance level. b. An employee believes that his manager does not like him and hence expects a poor appraisal. c. An employee in Oregon with an intense fear of flying is rewarded for his hard with with an all-expense paid trip to Beijing. d. An organization rewards its employees based on factors such as seniority and skill level.

c. An employee in Oregon with an intense fear of flying is rewarded for his hard with with an all-expense paid trip to Beijing.

In one of the videos for class, Dan Ariely described a study in which he had participants build Bionicles for payment. They were separated into either a "meaningful" or a "Sisyphus" condition. What did the Sisyphus condition entail? Select one: a. Complimenting the participants on the quality of the Bionicles every time. b. Providing the participants with facts about the dangers of untreated STDs prior to making the Bioncles. c. Breaking the Bionicles apart in front of the participants' eyes every time. d. Having individuals rate the quality of their Bionicles compared to others' Bionicles

c. Breaking the Bionicles apart in front of the participants' eyes every time.

You are a new manager at XYZ Corporation. Your boss has instructed you to meet with all of your new sales employees and establish individual goals for the upcoming quarter. How would you ensure your new employees are likely to be committed to these goals? Select one: a. Assign employees specific, challenging goals so they know where to direct their efforts. b. Have employees keep the goals private so their motivation is intrinsic (vs. extrinsic). c. Encourage employees to make their goals public so others are aware of their goals. d. Ensure employees have an external (vs. internal) locus of control so credit is clear.

c. Encourage employees to make their goals public so others are aware of their goals.

Laura Simpson, a campaign manager at a child rights organization in Jakarta, planned a marathon for celebrities to raise money for underprivileged children. Though all arrangements for the event had been made, a few days before the event she realized that on the same day there was a political rally happening in the city which will block access to the route on which the marathon was supposed to be undertaken. In such a situation, what is Simpson, who suffers from a self-serving bias, most likely to say? Select one: a. I should have established better contacts to know about this update. b. The director had warned me of this. I should have known better. c. My colleagues did not inform me about the rally. d. I did not do sufficient research on public events in the city. e. I should have weighed feasibility options for the event.

c. My colleagues did not inform me about the rally.

Chain of command is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element? Select one: a. How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct? b. On what basis will jobs be grouped together? c. To whom do individuals and groups report? d. To what degree will there be rules and regulations to direct employees and managers?

c. To whom do individuals and groups report?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity? Select one: a. If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, productivity will be low. b. If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be high. c. When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high. d. The productivity of the group is affected by the performance norms but not by the cohesiveness of the group.

c. When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.

A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions? Select one: a. a legal liaison who works from home and coordinates with people through the phone b. a freelance researcher whose work is free from interpersonal communication c. a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission d. an executive who has to follow stringent rules while closing a sale

c. a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission

Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization pursuing an innovation strategy? Select one: a. high formalization b. narrow span of control c. decentralized control d. high specialization

c. decentralized control

Paige thinks that she is paid a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of ________ justice. Select one: a. interpersonal b. interactional c. distributive d. procedural

c. distributive

In Stage 2 of the conflict process, there is an awareness that conditions for conflict to exist arise, and an emotional involvement in conflict that creates anxiety, tenseness, frustration, or hostility. To what is this emotional involvement referring? Select one: a. perceived conflict b. relationship conflict c. felt conflict d. process conflict

c. felt conflict

Cassie Holmes, who works as a sales associate at the Greater Bend Bank, is upset that her manager, Paul Lauer, has decided to write her up for underperformance. Though Holmes made a larger number of sales calls and worked longer hours than she did last year, her sales figures were still low for the quarter. She knows the main reason behind her underperformance is the recent economic meltdown in the region. However, her manager feels that her underperformance is due to her laid back attitude and has nothing to do with external factors. In this situation, Lauer's behavior is characterized by aNo: Select one: a. Pygmalion effect b. self-serving bias c. fundamental attribution error d. contrast effect

c. fundamental attribution error

In the context of Fiedler's model, the situational dimension termed ________ relates to the degree of influence a leader has over important variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases. Select one: a. leader-member relations b. task structure c. position power d. leader-member exchange e. initiating structure

c. position power

A transactional leader is likely to ________. Select one: a. help followers trust the leader and develop a loyalty toward the common vision b. stimulate others to become thinkers of what the organization is all about c. reward employees for the work that they have done, thus recognizing accomplish d. pay attention to the emotional needs of others and consider individual differences

c. reward employees for the work that they have done, thus recognizing accomplish

According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to impact performance when: Select one: a. tasks are complex rather than simple b. goals have long time frames for completion c. tasks are independent rather than interdependent d. tasks are novel rather than well learned

c. tasks are independent rather than interdependent

Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"? Select one: a. attitudes b. traditions c. values d. emotions e. feelings

c. values

Which of the following is true of moderating variables in attitude relationships? Select one: a. Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. b. Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures. c. General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. d. Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. e. The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience.

d. Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.

Alicia Akers works as a marketing executive. She always talks in a high pitch and often draws a lot of attention wherever she is. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind people noticing Akers? Select one: a. Perception of reality depends on the perceiver's past experiences. b. Perception of reality depends on the perceiver's personality. c. The time at which we observe behavior affects perception. d. Characteristics of the target affect people's perception.

d. Characteristics of the target affect people's perception.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model? Select one: a. It deals with satisficing decisions by seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. b. It takes into consideration the limited information-processing capability of individuals. c. It is an unconscious decision-making process created from distilled experience. d. It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner. e. It involves constructing simplified models without capturing all their complexity.

d. It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner.

Jake recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Jake has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Jake has over the past 6 months managed to get the company to an all time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Jake? Select one: a. Jake is a low self-monitor b. Jake is a narcissist c. Jake scores high in other-orientation d. Jake has a proactive personality

d. Jake has a proactive personality

Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor that provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation? Select one: a. Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals. b. Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society. c. Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life. d. Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. e. Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center.

d. Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. Correct

Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work, although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing? Select one: a. an attitude b. a reaction c. a counteraction d. a mood e. a response

d. a mood

According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status? Select one: a. control over the resources needed by the group b. contribution to goals c. personality d. ability to conform to group norms

d. ability to conform to group norms

Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to ________. Select one: a. another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization b. an employee's experiences in a similar position outside his/her current organization c. an employee's experiences in a different position outside his/her current organization d. an employee's experiences in a different position inside his/her current organization

d. an employee's experiences in a different position inside his/her current organization

Bill is negotiating for the labor union. Today, he is presenting the evidence and papers that demonstrate the average wages in the area, the cost of health care for the average worker, and a pie graph demonstrating how these costs affect the new salary request. Which phase of the negotiation process is Bill currently in? Select one: a. closure and implementation b. preparation and planning c. bargaining and problem solving d. clarification and justification e. definition of ground rules

d. clarification and justification

What are the key dimensions to any organization's environment? Select one: a. complexity, diffusivity, and criticality b. criticality, volatility, diffusivity c. conformity, criticality, and capacity d. complexity, volatility, and capacity

d. complexity, volatility, and capacity

In a negotiation process, which of the following activities is most likely to be included in the "definition of ground rules" step? Select one: a. hammering out the specifics in a formal contract b. determining the history leading up to the negotiation c. justifying your original demands d. determining time constraints, if any, applicable to negotiation

d. determining time constraints, if any, applicable to negotiation

Minnie Baker, a senior manager at MNC, spends a lot of his time assigning group members to particular tasks and scheduling their work such that deadlines are achievable. Minnie also sets high expectations for standards of performance, and holds regular meetings to ensure that productivity and quality are up to the mark. In the light of the Ohio State Studies, this indicates that Minnie, as a leader, is ________. Select one: a. high in consideration b. employee oriented c. low in task orientation d. high in initiating structure e. relationship oriented

d. high in initiating structure

Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the United States. This may be because ________. Select one: a. individuals in western cultures experience emotional contagion b. individuals in western cultures are more self-critical and geared toward continuous improvement c. these are collectivist societies that do not focus on individual happiness d. individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions e. there is more industrialization in western cultures

d. individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions

The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________. Select one: a. its environment b. the country in which it operates c. the employee's background d. its founders

d. its founders

Ashley Mills was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month in the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do? Select one: a. expressed dissatisfied with the nature of work b. set less ambiguous goals and objectives c. gave up easily on tasks when faced with difficulties d. mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence

d. mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence

Brandon has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Brandon's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________. Select one: a. positivity offset b. job engagement c. emotional contagion d. perceived organizational support

d. perceived organizational support

A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the finding of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such a finding? Select one: a. emotion regulation b. evidence based management c. framing effect d. positivity offset

d. positivity offset

According to the two-factor theory, ________. Select one: a. achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation b. employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility c. there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant d. the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

d. the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

Luis works for an event management company and is discontent with his job because he was passed over for a promotion. He has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with his supervisor. Luis's response to the problem is referred to as: Select one: a. loyalty b. exit c. neglect d. voice

d. voice

Gerald Brown is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Gerald's behavior is an example of ________. Select one: a. deviant workplace behavior b. psychodynamic regulation c. distinction bias d. emotion deregulation e. emotional dissonance

deviant workplace behavior

In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true? a. People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs. b. People's earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if they earn $25,000. c. People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000. d. People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000. e. People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.

e. People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.

Which of the following statements is true according to McClelland's theory of needs? Select one: a. People with a high achievement need experience great satisfaction from success that comes by luck. b. People with a high achievement need prefer tasks that have a high level of risk. c. People with a high achievement need are interested in motivating others to do well. d. People with a high need for power and affiliation often make good managers in large firms. e. People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers.

e. People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers.

Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy? Select one: a. ensuring that team goals are substantially difficult b. providing vast and generic goals c. creating a team such that it has diverse members d. reducing the number of members on a team drastically e. helping the team achieve small successes

e. helping the team achieve small successes

With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. Select one: a. goals b. processes c. actions d. outcomes e. inputs

e. inputs

One of the key challenges for managers in today's organizations is to ________. Select one: a. follow age-old rules rigidly b. be resistant to change c. be static in nature d. conform to norms and practices e. stimulate tolerance for change

e. stimulate tolerance for change

Recently, I had a craving for Taco Bell. I hadn't been in ages, but decided to swing through the drive-thru on my way home. Upon pulling up, I was greeted with the most enthusiastically happy employee I have perhaps ever encountered in a drive-thru setting. I couldn't help but smile at his over-the-top excitement in taking my order, and even though I wasn't in a great mood upon arriving at Taco Bell, I left with a smile. Which of the following best describes this situation? Select one: a. gas b. positivity offset c. emotional contagion d. cognitive dissonance e. continuance commitment

emotional contagion

Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job? Select one: a. arousal b. verbal persuasion c. vicarious modeling d. enactive mastery

enactive mastery

Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, while making decisions, she is assertive and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following personality types is Athers most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? Select one: a. solitary b. perceiving c. brooder d. extraverted e. introverted

extraverted

Gerard Yoder believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Yoder's belief? Select one: a. illusory correlation b. illusory superiority c. bandwagon effect d. positive bias e. affect intensity

illusory correlation

Which style of leader decision making has the leaders leave employees to make decisions on their own? Select one: a. managerial b. contingent c. laissez-faire d. autocratic

laiseez- faire

Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation? Select one: a. motivation-hygiene theory b. self-determination theory c. self-serving theory d. goal setting theory

self-determination theory

Communication in high-context cultures is characterized by an emphasis on ________. Select one: a. trust b. directness c. direct modes of conflict resolution d. legalized contracts over oral ones

trust