Carbohydrates

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What is the general formula of sugars?

(CH2O)n where n= the number of carbons

How are monosaccharides used in cells?

serve as fuel for cells and used to build structure

What is glucose?

simple sugar made by plants

What are monosaccharides?

simple sugars

How are cows able to digest cellulose?

special bacteria in gut

What are the three most common polysaccharides?

starch, glycogen, and cellulose (all linear glucose)

Where are starch, glycogen, and cellulose found?

starch: plants glycogen: animals' livers cellulose: plants and animals (wood, cable, dietary fiber in animals, cell wall of plants)

What are the functions of starch, glycogen, and cellulose?

starch: stored as energy glycogen: stored as energy cellulose: dietary fiber in animals and makes up cell walls of plants

What are isomers?

structures are different but the chemical formula is the same ex: fructose, glucose, and galactose

What are three common disaccharides?

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

What are the three disaccharides?

sucrose: glucose and fructose maltose: 2 glucose molecules lactose: galactose and glucose

What is fructose?

sugar found in fruits

What does aqueous mean?

watery

What are 3 monosaccharides?

hexose, pentose, triose

What is the ending of most sugars?

-ose

What is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in carbs?

2 hydrogens for one oxygen

What are two common monosaccharides and their molecular formula?

Hexose: C6H12O5 Pentose: C5H10O5

What is chitin?

Monomer: glucose and non-sugar nitrogenous containing molecule Function: used for structure in cell walls of fungi and exoskeleton of insects

What functional group makes carbohydrates hydrophilic?

OH (hydroxyl)

What are polysaccharides?

complex carbohydrate chains made of chains of polymers

What is chitin similar to?

cellulose

What molecule cannot be hydrolyzed by the digestive system of most animals?

cellulose

What is a disaccharide?

double sugar

What happens to monosaccharides when they are put into aqueous solutions inside cells?

form ring structures

What foods contain lots of carbs?

fruit, grains, soda

What are glycogen, starch, and cellulose's monomers?

glucose

What would you get if you hydrolyze sucrose?

glucose and fructose

Hexose

glucose, fructose, galactose C6H12O6 (called hexose because they have 6 carbons)

Are carbohydrates generally hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

hydrophilic

What two functional groups are found in monosaccharides?

hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl (C=O)

What is galactose?

known as "milk sugar"

How are disaccharides formed and what is the bond called?

linking to monosaccharides together by removing a water molecule bond: glycosidic

What is chitin derived from?

non-sugar nitrogen containing molecule

What types of atoms make up carbs?

oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms

What are some starchy foods?

potatoes, rice, wheat

Pentose

ribose and deoxyribose C5H10O5


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