CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: <3
heart location
In the thoracic cavity--> posterior to sternum --> mediastinum
Pericardium
Membrane surrounding the heart
Left Side
OXygenated blood from lungs to the body
stimulation of the heart by the conduction system
an action potential 1. is initiated at the SA node 2. spreads through the conduction system of the heart until it reaches the atria and then the ventricles
The inferior, conical end of the heart is called the _______________.
apex
posterosuperior surface of the heart
base
L left atrioventricular (AV) valve
between left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
between left ventricle and aorta
(r) pulmonary semilunar valve
between r ventricle and pulmonary trunk
R right atrioventricular (AV) valve
between right atrium and right ventricle
the fibrous skeleton is located
between the ventricles and the atria
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart
systemic circulation
circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs
foramen ovale
connects the two atria in the fetal heart
The ______ delivers oxygen-rich blood to the thick heart wall while the ______ carries the deoxygenated blood away from the heart wall. Multiple choice question.
coronary arteries and veins
fibrous skeleton of the heart
crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue
Right: Venae Cavae
drain deoxygenated blood intro R atrium
L pulmonary veins
drain oxygenated blood into left atrium
anterior view
flaplike extension- right auricle, portions of both left auricle of l atrium and l ventricle
cusps
flaps of the valves
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Sulci of the heart
grooves on surface of heart containing coronary blood vessels and fat
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
SA nodal cells
initiate heartbeat by spontaneously depolarizing to generate an action potential
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
trabeculae carneae
internal ridges in both ventricles
The position of the interventricular septum is deep to the ______ located on the heart's superficial surface.
interventricular sulci
posterior view of heart
l atrium and l ventricle are prominent
endolitheum
layers that line both the heart and the blood vessels
The circumflex artery supplies blood to the ______ ventricle.
left
the circumflex artery supplies blood to the
left ventricle
The cardiac center is within the ______.
medulla oblongata
pectinate muscles
muscular ridges in auricles and right atrial wall
Myocardium
muscular, middle layer of the heart
epicardium
outer layer of the heart
interatrial septum
partition between the right and left atria
Right: Pulmonary Trunk
receives deoxygenated blood pumped from right ventricle
L aorta
receives oxygenated blood pumped from let ventricle
fossa ovalis
remnant of foramen ovale of fetal heart
the right atrioventricular opening is covered by the
right atrioventicular & tricuspid
2 categories of valves
semilunar and atrioventricular
coronary sulcus
separates atria from ventricles
intraventricular septum
separates the two ventricles
Capillaries
serve as the sites of exchange, either. between blood & alveoli or blood and systemic cells
adequate perfusion
sufficient delivery to maintain cells' health
pericardial sac
surrounds the heart and helps prevent overfilling.
Cardiac muscle can
use fatty acids,glucose, lactic acid, amino acids, and ketone bodies as fuel sources.
Two sides of the heart
•Right side receives deoxygenated blood (atrium) and pumps it to lungs (ventricle) •Left side receives oxygenated blood (atrium) and pumps it to body (ventricle)
pericardium layers
Fibrous pericardium, parietal, pericardial, visceral
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Right side
DEoxygenated blood from body to lungs
All cells require
(a) a continuous delivery of oxygen and nutrients (b) the removal of CO2 and other waste products
fibrous skeleton functions
-Provides structural support for the heart esp around the valves and the openings of the great vessels (holds orifices open and prevents from excessively stretching when blood surges through them -Anchors the cardiocytes and gives them something to pull against -Serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles, so the atria cannot stimulate the ventricles directly.
action potential for cardiac muscles
1. NA+ ions enter acusing depolarization 2. depolar causes the opening of voltage-gated k+ channels 3. slow voltage-gated -Ca2+ channel open causing a Ca2+- induced Ca2+ release 4. plateau occurs 5. voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close 6. repolarization occurs, returning the cell to the resting membrane potential
serous fluid
A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane.