Care & Prevention Exam 2

Basics of Injury Rehabilitation Steps

1) Providing Correct Initial Treatment 2) Controlling pain 3) Restoring range of motion 4) Restoring muscular strength, endurance, & power 5) Reestablishing neuromuscular control 6) Regaining balance 7) Maintaining Cardio-respiratory endurance 8) Functional progressions & testing

There are _______ phalanges in the foot. 4 5 20 14

14

What is the difference between a dislocation and a subluxation? -A dislocation is any change in anatomical alignment of a joint, no matter how much or how long it lasts, while a subluxation is a serious abnormality that remains displaced. -A dislocation remains in anatomical misalignment and requires intervention to reduce it while a subluxation reduces spontaneously on its own. -A subluxation will cause significantly more damage. -They are exactly the same thing.

A dislocation remains in anatomical misalignment and requires intervention to reduce it while a subluxation reduces spontaneously on its own.

Ottawa Ankle Rules

Ankle film if pain in malleolar zone and: -Bone tenderness at lateral malleolus -Bone tenderness at medial malleolus -Inability to to walk 4 steps after injury and in ER Foot films if pain in mid foot zone and: -Bone tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal -Bone tenderness at navicular bone -Inability to to walk 4 steps after injury and in ER

In regard to lateral ankle sprains, the ___________ ligament is the most commonly injured. -Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament -Posterior Talofibular Ligament -Anterior Talofibular Ligament -Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Compartments of lower leg

Anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, deep posterior

You observe an athlete who has a large swollen area on his elbow, he doesn't know what happened and denies any pain. He says it "jiggles" when he throws. The swelling has a very well defined border. What would you think is wrong with him? -Broken Arm -Tendonitis -Bursitis -Tenosynovitis

Bursitis

The most often overlooked aspect of rehabilitation is: -Functional Testing -Plyometric Exercises -Cardiovascular Endurance -Pain Control

Cardiovascular endurance

A sprain involves ____________ while a strain involves _____________. -Connective Tissue, Muscles -Muscles, Connective Tissues -Bones, Ligaments -Small injuries, Large Complex Injuries

Connective Tissue, Muscles

Nerve Injuries include all of the following mechanisms of injury except: -Stretch -Crimp -Compression -Division

Crimp

What is the most common treatment for a stress fracture? -Decrease Activity (Rest) -Surgery -Increasing Activity -Increasing Calcium Uptake, even injections in some cases.

Decrease activity (rest)

The muscles of the _______________ compartment are primarily responsible for the inversion of the ankle and flexion of the toes. -Lateral -Posterior -Deep Posterior -Anterior

Deep posterior

When referring to the foot Tom Dick and Harry are muscles of the: -Lateral Compartment -Medial Compartment -Posterior Compartment -Deep Posterior Compartment

Deep posterior compartment

Which muscle compartment is responsible for flexion of the toes? -Anterior compartment -Medial compartment -Posterior compartment -Deep posterior compartment

Deep posterior compartment

Which of the following is NOT a function of the foot? -Provide a stable base. -Propel the body during movement. -Absorb forces during dynamic movement such as running, jumping and landing. -Dissipate excess calcium in the blood through keratin formation in the nails of the toes.

Dissipate excess calcium in the blood through keratin formation in the nails of the toes.

Inversion ankle sprains are more common because of the number of ligaments on the medial side of the ankle and a mechanical restriction to movement by the ______________ bone. -Tibia -Navicular -Fibula -Cuboid

Fibula

Pronation (Pes Planus)

Flat foot Flexible arches Increased foot pain Stress fractures Shin Splints (Medial tibial stress syndrome) Caused by Tight shoes - weaken supportive structures Being overweight Excessive exercise the causes severe pounding on unyielding surfaces Tx: Strengthening of the muscles of the lower leg, ankle, and foot

Turf toe

Forced hyperextension of the great toe at the MTP joint.

Supinators (Pes Cavus)

High arches Less flexible foot, metatarsals are locked in positions that prevent normal movement S & S: Clawed or Hammer Toes Calluses General foot pain Metatarsalagia? Tx: Stretching of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia

The mechanism for turf toe is: -Hyperflexion -Hyperextension -Hyperadduction -Hyperabduction

Hyperextension (of big toe)

A pump bump is related to: -Improper Footwear -Genetics -Activity in sport -Acute bifercation of the achilles

Improper footwear

Lisfranc injury

Involves the disruption of the tarsometatarsal joint, with or without an associated fracture caused by a severe twisting injury. The first metatarsal typically is dislocated from the first cuneiform, whereas the other four metatarsals are displaced laterally, usually in combination with a fracture at the base of the second metatarsal.

Gaining muscle strength through the entire range of motion can best be done by controlling both resistance and speed. The only form of exercise that can do this is: -Isometric -Isokinetic -Isotonic -Plyometric

Isokinetic

Pushing against an immovable object is beneficial for building strength without risk of joint damage, but is limited to building strength in that specific point in the range of motion. This type of exercise is: -Isometric -Isokinetic -Isotonic -Plyometric

Isometric

Which muscle compartment is responsible for eversion? -Deep Posterior -Lateral -Anterior -Posterior

Lateral

A bony fracture that runs from one end of the bone towards the other. -Greenstick -Spiral -Linear -Comminuted

Linear

Eversion ankle sprains

Mechanism Eversion + external rotation of the foot Involved ligaments: Deltoid ligaments

High ankle sprains

Mechanism of Injury Forced Dorsiflexion + External Rotation on a planted foot Involved ligaments: Distal Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament, deltoid ligaments

Arches of foot

Medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch, transverse arch, metatarsal arch

All of the following are arches of the foot except: -Metatarsal -Medial Longitudinal -Medial Transverse -Lateral Longitudinal

Medial transverse

Tendinitis

Most affected tendons/muscles in the foot -Achilles Extended inflammation = weakening of the tendon over time -Posterior Tibialis -Extensor Muscles

According to the OTTAWA Ankle Rules, would you xray an ankle with pain in the midfoot zone and point tender along the posterior tip of the lateral malleolus? -Yes -No -Only if there was also pain in the medial malleolus -OTTAWA Ankle Rules don't have anything to do with xrays

No

Inversion is the same as: -Over Supination -Over Pronation -Under Pronation -Under Supination

Over supination

Which condition in the foot predisposes an individual to inversion ankle sprains? -Pes Despenserus -Pes Avalus -Pes Planus -Pes Cavus

Pes Cavus

Of the three types of bones in the foot, which has the greatest number of individual bones? -Tarsals -Intermediary Carpotarsals -Metatarsals -Phalanges

Phalanges

Providing proper initial treatment and controlling pain will help the athelte to progress quickly to the most important part of most rehabilitation programs, which is: -Return to Play -Restoring Range of Motion -Returning to Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) -None of the Above

Restoring range of motion

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome is also known as: -Pes Cavus -Shin Splints -Pes Planus -None of These

Shin splints

Which of the following is not similar to or the same thing as a contusion? -Hematoma -Bruise -Ecchymosis -Strain

Strain

March fracture

Stress fracture to the second and third metatarsals

Which of the following is the result of remnants of the inflammatory process interfering with proper function of the tendon's synovial sheath? -Tendinosis -Tenosynovitis -Tendinopathy -Tendonitis

Tenosynovitis

What is the difference between a fractured bone and a broken bone? -A fracture is worse -A break is worse -Bones don't break -They are exactly the same thing.

They are exactly the same thing.

Jones Fracture

fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Superficial posterior compartment of leg

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris -Plantarflexion

Inversion ankle sprains

injury to lateral ligaments. -Mechanism of injury: Plantarflexion + Inversion Involved ligaments: Anterior Talofibular Ligament Calcaneofibular Ligament Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Lateral compartment of leg

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis -Eversion

Anterior compartment of leg

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius -Dorsiflexion and extension

Deep posterior compartment of leg

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus -Plantarflexion and flexion, INVERSION

When can the athlete return to play?

▫Achieved full ROM ▫Full or near full strength ▫Neuromuscular control ▫Cardiovascular fitness ▫Sport functioning skills ▫Individual should have regained full confidence to return to his/her activity