Chemistry Study Guide

Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction: CO2(g) + H2(g) ↔ CO(g) + H2O(g) where: [CO2] = 0.0954M [H2] = 0.0454M [CO] = 0.0046M [H2O] = 0.0046M

(4.9)10^-3

A gaseous mixture made from 5.0 g of oxygen and 2.5 g of methane is place is a 15 L container at 25°C. What is the partial pressure of oxygen?

.26 atm

The lowest possible temperature is _____.

0 K (absolute zero)

A student is working with a strong acid. The pH of this substance is most likely ___________.

1.0

The pH of a substance is 6. What is the molarity of the [H3O+]?

1.0 x X^-6 M

A gas mixture contains 1 mole of gas A, 1.5 moles of gas B, and .5 moles of gas C. What is the mole fraction of gas B?

1/2

A gas mixture contains 1 mole of gas A, 1.5 moles of gas B, and .5 moles of gas C. What is the mole fraction of gas A?

1/3

If you have 200 grams of a radioactive sample, how many grams would be left after three half-lives?

25 grams

A solution is acidic. Which is a possible pH value for this solution?

3

What is the pH of a solution whose pOH is 11?

3

1.00 atm = 760 mm Hg. 5.00 atm = ___________ mm HG

3800

An acid is added to pure water. The difference between the pH of the pure water and the acid-water solution is 2. What is the pH of the acid-water solution?

5

The [H3O+] for a solution is 8.3 x 10-5 M. The pH of the solution would be closest to _____.

5

You have found a mysterious substance that appears to be radioactive. You take a sample to a nuclear chemist who measures out 100 g. of the substance. Thirty hours later, the chemist tests the sample and finds that 6.25 grams of the sample remains radioactive. What is the half-life of the sample?

7.5 hours

A manometer has a sample of gas in one end and is open to the atmosphere on the other end. The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. The difference in mercury levels is 60 mm (the mercury is lower on the side open to the atmosphere). What is the pressure of the gas?

700 mm Hg

A manometer has a sample of gas in one end and is open to the atmosphere on the other end. The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. The difference in mercury levels is 60 mm (the mercury is higher on the side open to the atmosphere). What is the pressure of the gas?

820 mm Hg

A balloon gets larger when it is heated. This is an example ____.

Charles Law

Radioactivity was discovered by _____.

Henri Becquerel

For the reaction A + B ↔ C + D, the equilibrium constant can be expressed as:

K=(C)^c (D)^d/(A)^a (B)^b

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O

When a substance such as NaOH dissolves, what happens to the molecule?

NaOH disassociates into Na+ and OH-

Statement that is accurate about nuclear wastes?

Nuclear wastes poses a different kind of environmental threat compared to coal and natural gas.

P1 = 6046 torr, P2 = 7389 torr, V2 = 1468 mL. Solve for V1.

P1 * V1 = P2 * V2 6046 * V1 = 7389 * 1468 6046 * V1 = 10,847,052 6046/6046 * V1 =10,847,052/6046 V1=1,794 mL

If a solution conducts electricity and has a pH value of 7, then it could be _____________.

a neutral salt solution

Which of the following characteristics is true for a base?

alkaline

A few drops of phenolphthalein in a sample of drain cleaner will result in a bright brink color. One can conclude that drain cleaner is a(n)

base

A basic solution will turn red litmus paper _____

blue

A strong base completely dissociates in water to form a(an) ___________ and a (an) _____________.

cation, OH-

Atmospheric pressure __________.

changes based on weather systems

The reliability of isotopic dating is based on ______.

choosing an appropriate radioactive isotope

If the volume of a container is increased, according to the ideal gas law, the contents of the container will:

decrease temperature

At standard temperature and pressure, the number of gas molecules of hydrogen is _____ than the number of gas molecules of carbon dioxide in a 22.41 L container.

equal to

Identify the INCORRECT statement below regarding chemical equilibrium:

equilibrium is achieved when the reactant and product concentrations become equal

A hydroxide ion is formed when an acid is added to water.

false

According to Avogadro's Law, the pressure and volume of gases is dependent on the size of the gas molecules.

false

If atmospheric pressure goes up, the column of mercury in a barometer goes down.

false

Low-level waste contains so little radioactivity that it can easily be disposed of in a regular trash can.

false

On the pH scale, neutral substances encompass a large range.

false

The danger of a nuclear reactor explosion is a misguided fear.

false

The longer a radioactive isotope's half-life, the greater its intensity of radiation.

false

The waste created by nuclear power is not harmful.

false

One property of most bases is that they ________.

feel slippery

This group advocates that that the best change is no change.

generation to generation

Nuclear power creates electricity by ______.

heating water into pressurized steam; which in turn drives a turbine generator

Strong nuclear forces inside the atomic nucleus tend to ____.

hold the nucleus together

If the temperature in a closed chamber is increased, according to the ideal gas law, the contents of the container will:

increase in pressure

A nuclear reaction ____.

involves changes within the nucleus

Radioactivity in our world _____.

is as old as the universe

The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is unchanged. The pressure of the gas _____.

is one-half the original pressure

The strength of an acid is measured by how ____.

it completely separates into ions when it forms a solution with the water

One of the greatest advantages of of nuclear power is that ____.

it does not rely on fossil fuels

A gas in a rigid container is heated so that its Kelvin temperature doubles. What happens to its pressure?

it doubles

Yucca Mountain was chosen as the proposed site for the national repository because:

it is a remote, desert area on federal land

A barometer consists of _______.

mercury, a tube sealed at one end

The concentration in an expression of the equilibrium constant are given in:

mol/L

The process of mixing an acid and base together to get a product with a pH value of 7 is _______.

neutralization

Nuclear power depends on the heat of _____.

nuclear fission

The major drawback is the nuclear waste generated by ________.

power plants

Acids form ions in water by giving up a ______.

proton

Acids have many different uses in our lives. For example, an acid is found in _______.

soda pop

In which phase of matter are the particles most tightly packed?

solid

Which of the following characteristics is true for an acid?

sour tasting

Heating a gas up causes the molecules to_________.

speed up

The bulk of nuclear waste is in the form of _______________.

spent fuel rods

If the ____________________ changes, then the equilibrium constant will also change.

temperature

The dynamic part of chemical equilibrium refers to _____________.

the changes taking place, even though equilibrium has been reached

Why is an acid-base indicator used in a pool?

the indicator shows how much chlorine is in the water

In a closed container, the temperature is increased by 50%. Which of the following will happen to the gas inside the container?

the molecules will move more quickly

In a closed container, the temperature is decreased by 50%. Which of the following will happen to the gas inside the container?

the molecules will move more slowly

In solution, OH- becomes surrounded by water molecules. Which end of the water molecule surrounds the OH-?

the partially positive H+

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, Boyle's law states that _____.

the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure

Description of alpha particles

they can be stopped by a piece of paper

Description of beta particles

they consist of fast moving electrons

Substances that decay at a faster rate are more dangerous because:

they emit more energy

Radioactive decay can be used to measure ____.

time

A graph of exponential decay has ______ on the x-axis and ______ on the y-axis.

time; number of radioactive atoms

A graph showing exponential decay of a radioactive element never touches the x-axis.

true

A nuclear power plant's carbon dioxide emissions are minimal.

true

A universal indicator consists of multiple indicators.

true

A universal indicator is more accurate than red or blue litmus paper.

true

Atmospheric pressure is in part a result of gravity.

true

Given our current worries about the climate, these waste products don't go into the air, they aren't greenhouse gases, and they don't cause acid rain, smog, or contribute to asthma in cities.

true

Greenhouse gases are believed to cause global warming by the majority of scientists who study climate.

true

In a restaurant, a safety inspection may involve the use of an indicator to determine if the cleaning products are basic enough to dissolve grease and sanitize equipment.

true

The need for a national repository for spent nuclear fuel is necessary because the current storage sites are temporary.

true

There are low levels of radiation all around us.

true

When a neutralization reaction occurs, the pH of the resulting solution is 7.

true

When opposing chemical reactions take place at equal rates in a closed system, the system is experiencing dynamic equilibrium

true