ccj 4614

The UCR defines _____ as "an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury."

Aggravated assault

Law enforcement officers, security guards, and _____ experience the highest rates of nonfatal workplace violence.

Bartenders

Which of the following predicts that girls and women will be treated more leniently than boys and men?

Chivalry hypothesis

In a self-fulfilling prophecy, the social-psychological and practical consequences of official labeling thus lead to _____, or the commission of continued deviance and the adoption of a deviant lifestyle.

Deviance amplification

Which of the following is traditionally committed with malice aforethought, meaning that the offender planned to kill someone and then did so?

First-degree murder

Which of the following is NOT one of the four areas generally addressed in feminist criminology?

Peacemaking with capitalism

Labeling theory adopts a _____ definition by assuming that nothing about a given behavior automatically makes it deviant.

Relativist

Which of the following focuses on restoring the social bond between the offender and the community?

Restorative justice

Looking at different regions of the United States, homicide rates are highest in the

South

Like conflict theory, radical theory's views seem less relevant for _____ than for consensual offenses and political criminality.

Street crime

Although many studies suggest that violent _____ contribute to real-life violence, the actual effect of media violence remains unclear.

Television and movies

Consensus theory says that social institutions serve the interests of the powerful in society and are dysfunctional for many other members of society.

false

In egalitarian households, the father works outside the home and the mother stays at home to take care of the children

false

Males at the top of the socioeconomic ladder are more likely than less-wealthier males to engage in opposition masculinity involving physical competition, violence, and drinking.

false

Mass murder and serial killing rarely receive heavy media attention because they are one of the most commonly committed crimes.

false

The Japanese are much less likely than Americans to think criminals can change for the better.

false

The US saw a sharp rise in homicides in the 1990s.

false

The United States has the lowest homicide rate among Western countries.

false

The proletariat class is sometimes called the ruling class.

false

Justifiable homicide refers to the killing of armed and dangerous felons by police or private citizens.

true

Labeling theory assumes that an arrest, conviction, or other criminal label produces several consequences that often lead someone to commit additional deviance.

true

Liberal feminists attribute gender differences in crime rates to gender differences in socialization and also call attention to gender discrimination in the criminal justice system

true

Nonphysical harm here refers to fear, anxiety, and other emotional states.

true

Peacemaking criminology views crime as just one of the many forms of suffering that characterize human existence.

true

Robbery is a prototypical example of innovation in Merton's anomie theory.

true

Unsafe products, and dangerous workplaces, which kill and harm many thousands of people each year, are forms of corporate violence.

true

Which of the following considers the ruling class a small, unified group that uses the law to dominate the poor and to advance its own interests?

Instrumental Marxism

Which of the following are committed against individuals or groups or their property (destruction and theft) because of their race, ethnicity, religion, national origin, disability, or sexual orientation?

Hate crimes

Mass murder involves:

The taking of several lives at once or within a very short time frame

Which of the following is accurate regarding assaults?

They are disproportionately committed by men, by people of color, and in major urban centers