CDEV 21 - Chapter 2

Which characteristics are typical of Klinefelter syndrome?

-Affects 1 in 500 males only -Tall height

What artificial means may be used if a man has low sperm count?

-Artificial insemination -In vitro fertilization

What does body mass index measure?

-Comparison of weight to height -Obesity

What are causes of infertility in men? (Select all that apply.)

-Low sperm count -Poor motility of sperm -Sperm count less than 60 million

What are types of genotype-environment correlation?

-Reactive, or evocative -Active -Passive

For a child to express a recessive defect, what would have to be true?

-The child is homozygous for that gene. -The child inherits a copy of the recessive gene from each parent.

Match the trait with its expression type.

-Traits that are always expressed = Dominant -Traits that are expressed only when bothcopies of the gene are recessive = Recessive

Who are the best candidates for ovum transfer?

-Women who have had their ovaries removed -Women who are being treated for cancer -Women who have low-quality ova

Temperament is

-inborn. -a precursor to personality. -often consistent over the years.

In the _____ _____procedure, fertilized donor eggs are implanted into a prospective mother's uterus.

-ovum or ova -transfer

Between 1999 and 2014, surrogacy accounted for which percentage of ART cycles?

2.4%

Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome

21

Klinefelter syndrome occurs in 1 out of every ______ males.

500

Jake likes to read and write, and when he has any free time he likes to spend it in the library. This would be an example of which type of correlation?

Active genotype-environment orrelation

Sickle-cell anemia is a blood disorder more common among which group?

African Americans

What are two or more alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position on paired chromosomes called?

Alleles

What is the name for the ART practice in which sperm is injected into the female cervix, uterus, or vagina?

Artificial insemination

How is heritability expressed?

As a percentage ranging from 0.0 to 1.0

What are the tiny hair cells in the fallopian tubes called, which push the ova towar the uterus?

Cilia

What is the chromosomal disorder characterized by physical signs such as downward-sloping skin folds at the inner corners of the eyes?

Down syndrome

During IVF, frozen embryos are likelier to succeed than fresh embryos.

False

Which group has the greatest percentage of children with special needs?

Families who adopt

What type of study measures the degree to which biological relatives share certain traits and determines if the closeness of their familial relationship is associated with the degree of similarity?

Family studies

What is characterized by fluid pressure buildup in the eyes?

Glaucoma

What is a trait characterized by two identical alleles?

Homozygous

What does the "concordance rate" measure?

How many genes people share

What is the type of cell division in which each sex cell ends up with only 23 chromosomes?

Meiosis

What is assisted reproductive technology?

Methods used to achieve conception through artificial means

What is the female egg called?

Ovum

Which type of genotype-nvironment correlation refers to the environment provided by a child's family or caregivers?

Passive

Which statement regarding genotype-environment correlations is true?

Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.

What is the potential variability, depending on environmental conditions, in the expression of a hereditary trait?

Reaction range

Which is a blood disorder more common in African Americans?

Sickle-cell anemia

What is the term for a woman who gets pregnant in order to carry the fetus for another woman?

Surrogate mother

What is DNA?

The chemical that carries each individual's genetic code, the fundamental unit of heredity

What shows the location of all genes in the body?

The human genome

How is heritability measured?

Through indirect methods

An inherited tendency for a mental disorder, like depression, can be triggered by environmental influences

True

Both the mother and father may unknowingly be carriers of the same recessive gene, thus increasing the chance of passing that defect onto an unborn child.

True

Siblings tend to have similar temperaments.

True

Under what condition would a recessive trait be displayed?

When both genes in a pair are recessive

What is the single cell that is formed through fertilization called?

Zygote

What is a small segment of DNA located in a definite position on a particular chromosome called?

a gene

Each member of a pair of genes is referred to as a(n)_____

allele or alelle

Genes that produce alternative expressions of a characteristic are called

alleles or alelles

Conception through artificial means is called _____reproductive technology.

assisted

Obesity is measured by ________ ______index.

body mass

Genotype-environment _____ is the tendency of certain geneticand environmental influences to reinforce each other.

correlation

A child has brown eyes but carries a gene for blue and a gene for brown. The brown eye color is observed and is an example of ______ inheritance.

dominant

Besides genetics, the _____ also plays a role in who we arethrough its interaction with the genetic code.

environment

A _____study measures the degree to which biological relativesshare certain traits and determines whether or not the closeness of the familial relationship is associated with the degree of similarity.

family

Conception, also called _____, is the union of the ovum andsperm to create a single cell called a zygote.

fertilization

The human _____ is the complete sequence of genes in the human body.

genome or geneome

The onset of _____, caused by a fluid pressure buildup in theeye, typically begins in middle age or after.

glaucoma

What is the transfer of genetically controlled characteristics such as hair color from one generation to the next called?

heredity

Traits with identical alleles are called

homozygous

Surgical removal of ova, fertilization in a laboratory dish, and implantation in thewoman's uterus is a process called ______ _________fertilization.

in vitro

The _____ is the female gamete. It is sometimes referred to asan egg.

ova or ovum

The female egg is known as the

ovum

Genotype-environment interaction typically refers to the effects of _____(si milar/different) environmental conditions on genetically _____ (similar/different) individuals.

similar different

The most common cause of male infertility is low _____ count.

sperm

Triple X syndrome is also called

trisomy X