Cell Membrane

Bilayer

1. A Double Layer and Two layers 2. A double layer of lipid molecules that forms the basic unit from which the cell membranes are constructed.

Hydrophobic

1. water-hating or Water-fearing (Where they avoid water.) 2. Nonpolar

Cell Membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

Selectively permeable

Allows some materials (not all) to pass through.

The Functions of Cell Membrane(#2)

Helps keep cytoplasm in and substances located outside the cell out. Determines what is allowed to enter and exit.

Hydrophobic Tails

In the Cell membrane, they're fatty acids in the Phospholipid that are directed toward the center, avoiding water

Hydrophilic head

It's the heads of the Phospholipid in the cell membrane, that likes water (point out toward water)

Glycoproteins

Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins. Another name for Cell recognition (ID)

Proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

Cell recognition(#2)

They are the cell membrane's carbohydrates that help with the immune system with fighting off viruses(a white blood cell for Example) invading the body.

Peripheral

on the edge, not important

Active Transport

* Energy is required * Particles move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration

Nonpolar

* No partial charges. Do not mix with water. * It's Water-Hating, where it hates Water.

Main functions of the cell membrane

* Protection - where the cell membrane has to be strong and discriminating, into making sure that it doesn't get infected by a virus. * Homeostasis (Balance) - It has to be sensitive. * Transportation (The movement of Materials and water) - it has to be flexible. * Communication (Within Cell, to other cells)

Structure of Cell membrane(#1)

- Lipid Bilayer (Flexible) - Hydrophilic heads (Outside membrane) attracts water (water-loving) - Hydrophobic tails (Inside membrane) repels water (water-hating/water-fearing) - Transport Proteins move particles in or out of the cell.

Passive Transport

- No energy required - Where the particles of the cell membrane move through diffusion from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration - the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Cell recognition(#1)

1. (ID) 2. It's a glycoprotein (carbs on it) that communicates. Where they are the proteins that tell you "you are you"...they are the reason why transplants can get rejected

Structure of Cell membrane(#2)

1. Fluid mosaic model best describes. 2. lipid bilayer of phospholipids and proteins

Hydrophilic

1. Having an affinity for water 2. Water loving (where they like to be very close next to the water) 3. Polar

Channel Proteins(#1)

1. In the Cell membrane, they are the proteins that act as an open doorway into the cell for molecules that fit it. 2. (hotdog bun)

Peripheral Proteins(#1)

1. They're the exterior section of the cell membrane only. 2. It's half of the protein that exists in the outer edges of the Cell membrane.

The Functions of Cell Membrane(#1)

1. To protect and support the cell 2. To help regulate what enters and exits the cell.

Facilitated diffusion(#1)

1. Where it requires a transport protein to help diffuse materials in or out of the cell and regular diffusion does not require a transport protein because the materials can travel through the lipid bilayer. 2. Neither process requires energy.

Glycerol

A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.

Cholesterol(#2)

A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods.

carbohydrate(chain) in cell membrane

Acts like an identification tag for the cell - let's the other cells know it belongs to the body

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.

What parts make up the Mosaic part of the Cell membrane?

Cholesterol, Transport Protein, Receptor Protein, Channel Protein and Cell recognition

Protein pumps

Energy from ATP is used to pump small molecules and ions across the cell membrane. Used in active transport. Carries ions across cell membrane.

Lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Cholesterol(#1)

In the Cell membrane, they help to keep the Phospholipid stabilize, into making sure that the membrane is neither too fluid nor too solid

Semi-permeable

It means that it helps the membrane to allow some substance to go through easily, however it doesn't allow others to go across.

plasma membrane (cell membrane)

It's function is to protect the cell and control what goes in and out. It is not a solid structure. It is made of millions of smaller molecules so it is flexible and porous (allows things to pass through it).

Transport Proteins(Carrier Proteins)

It's the protein of the cell membrane that GRABS the materials from one side of the membrane and takes it to the other.

Cytoskeleton Filaments

Long protein chains that help the cell hold its shape. organelles and other large molecules can travel along these chains like super highways in the cell

Diffusion(#2)

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Fluid cell membrane

Phospholipid (barrier)

Fluid, Mosaic

Problem: What about the solid portions of the fluid mosaic model? (mosaic of proteins embedded in the membrane) Solution: A. "______________" = Phospholipids B. "______________" = Proteins and Cholesterol

Carrier Proteins

Proteins that bind solutes and transport them across the plasma membrane

Receptor Proteins

Proteins that transmit information in and out of cells. They allow communication between cells.

What happens if you put(add)...

Question: ______________________________ phospholipids in water? Answer: They begin to divide into 2 layers with heads pointing inside and outside of the cell, and where the tails are in between.

Fluid mosaic model

Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer.

Diffusion(#1)

The particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Phospholipid bilayer

The phospholipid bilayer is the two layers of the phospholipid that help to produce the membrane.

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Facilitated diffusion(#2)

The process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels

Doorbell proteins

The protein does not allow material to physically enter the cell but Creates A Response within the cell.

Peripheral Proteins(#2)

The proteins of a membrane that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer; they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane.

Transmembrane Proteins

Transmembrane proteins are integral proteins that do not extend all the way through the membrane.

Osmosis

Water diffuses from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Phospholipids

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

Glycolipids

carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipids in the cell membrane

Channel Proteins(#2)

have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel

SEMI-PERMEABLE is very...

important because the cell needs to be able to regulate of what should go in or out, so it could help maintain its homeostasis.

Polar(water molecule)

shared electrons in a water molecule spend more time near the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms

Homeostasis

the body's ability to maintain constant internal physical and chemical conditions.

Metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Solid cell membrane

the proteins and cholesterol in the cell membrane (Upside down) (2 layers)

Carbohydrates

the starches and sugars present in foods

Fatty acids

unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids