Cell Structure and Function Mix-n-Match Game
ribosome
Consists of two subunits- a large subunit and a small subunit. Not a membrane-bound organelle
ribosome
Found in tissues that have a high rate of protein synthesis. A pancreatic cell contains a few million of these
Chloroplast- only in plant cells
Site of photosynthesis
Nucleus
The site where RNA is copied from DNA to direct protein synthesis
Mitochondria
These organelles are very numerous in cells that have high-energy requirements (Ex. liver and muscle cells may contain 2,500 of this organelle)
Nucleus
This organelle contains a nucleolus, is responsible for manufacturing ribosomal subunits
cell membrane
This structural organelle consists of proteins and a phospholipid bilayer
Cytoskeleton
a network of protein fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm
Vacuole
a storage area found inside both plant and animal cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
a system of membranous tubules and sacs that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
an intracellular highway along which molecules can move from one part of the cell to another
cell membrane
barrier that encloses the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
breaks down toxins and poisons (smooth ER)
Lysosome
can digest old organelles and foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria
Leukoplasts
colorless organelles that serve as storage ares for starch in plant cells
Gogi Apparatus
completes final modifications of proteins
Cell wall- only in plant cells
composed of cellulose in plant cells
Cell wall- only in plant cells
composed of chitin in fungi
Cell wall- only in plant cells
composed of peptidoglycan in the bacteria
Cytoplasm
consists of a gelatin-like, watery fluid that contains salts, minerals, and many organic molecules and compounds
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
consists of two types: rough and smooth
Cytoskeleton
consists or microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers
chromoplast- only in plant cells
contain pigments of colors other than green
Chloroplast- only in plant cells
contains "stroma" which contains many enzymes, DNA and ribosomes
Lysosome
contains strong enzymes used for the digestion or protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
Peroxisome
contains the enzyme called catalase
Chloroplast- only in plant cells
contains the green pigment, chlorophyll
Chloroplast- only in plant cells
contains thylakoids, which are flattened sacs that increase the functional surface area
Nucleus
controls the cell's activities
Chloroplast- only in plant cells
converts the energy of the sun into the chemical energy contained in molecules of glucose
intercellular junctions
desmosomes fasten animal cells together in strong sheets
cilia- only in animal cells
found along the respiratory tract to sweep foreign particles out of the body
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)- only in animal cells
found in between animal cells for structural support
plastids- only in plant cells
found only in plant cells; may store pigments or food
Cell wall- only in plant cells
found outside of the cell membrane in plants; much thicker than a cell membrane
Lysosome
functions in "programmed cell death" to rid an organism of damaged or dead cells
intercellular junctions
gap auctions provide channels between adjacent animal cells
chromoplast- only in plant cells
give fruits and flowers their color
Cytoskeleton
heavily involved in cell structure and support by providing a framework within the cell
chromoplast- only in plant cells
helps to attract animals to fruits for seed dispersal
chromoplast- only in plant cells
helps to attract insects to flowers for pollination
Cytoskeleton
helps to move materials around the inside of the cell
Mitochondria
inner membrane is folded into "cristae" to increase the functional surface area
Chloroplast- only in plant cells
large stacks of flattened membranous sacs are called grana
flagella- only in animal cells
long, whip-like structures used to propel the cell through the environment ( made of microtubules)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
manufactures the lipid components of cell membranes (smooth ER)
ribosome
may be found loose in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
may contain carbohydrates on the outer surface, which are involved in cell recognition and cell joining
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
may or may not have attached ribosomes
Vacuole
may store food, water or the metabolic wastes of the cell
Cytoplasm
often called cytosol
Mitochondria
one of two organelles of the cell that contain their own DNA and ribosomes, and can carry out their own replication
Chloroplast- only in plant cells
one of two organelles of the cell that contain their own DNA and ribosomes, and carry out their own replication
Vacuole
one type, found in unicellular organisms, can contract to expel excess water
centrosomes/centrioles- only in animal cells
organizes microtubules in the building of the mitotic spindle (protein fibers that divide genetic material during mitosis and meiosis)
cell membrane
peripheral proteins may be found on both inner and outer surface of this organelle
intercellular junctions
plasmodesmata in plant cells provide passageways between plant cells
Gogi Apparatus
processes and packages substances for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
recieves polypeptides (proteins) from ribosomes to prepare proteins for export or for insertion into membranes
cell membrane
regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell
Cell wall- only in plant cells
rigid structure used for support in plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)- only in animal cells
serves as connective tissue between cells
Gogi Apparatus
ships proteins off to their final destination
Cilia- only in animal cells
short, hair-like structures used to propel a cell through the environment (made up of microtubules)
Mitochondria
site of cellular respiration
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis
Nucleus
storage site of DNA and genetic information
cell membrane
the "fluid-mosaic model" is used to describe this organelle
Mitochondria
the "matrix" of the organelle contains many enzymes, DNA and ribosomes
Mitochondria
the "powerhouse" of the cell
Cytoplasm
the area of the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)- only in animal cells
the most abundant part of this cell structure is collagen, which form strong fibers outside the cell
ribosome
the most numerous organelles in most cells
ribosome
the parts of this organelle are manufactured by the nucleolus in the nucleus
Vacuole
the source of turgor pressure within a pant cell
Cytoplasm
this area contains various organelles of the cell
ribosome
this organelle is composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins
peroxisome
this organelle transfers hydrogen to oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide, and then breaks down the poisonous hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
intercellular junctions
tight junctions bind neighboring animal cells tightly together to prevent the leakage of fluids from a tissue
Mitochondria
transfers the energy stored in organic compounds (glucose) to molecules of ATP
ribosome
translates the message of mRNA and carries out the building of proteins
Gogi Apparatus
transport vesicles arrive at this organelle carrying proteins from the ER
Plastids- only in plant cells
types include chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leukoplasts
Gogi Apparatus
works closely with the ER in preparing materials for release from the cell