Ch. 09 - Endocrine System Test
20) The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary. A) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) cortisol; aldosterone C) growth hormone; prolactin D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin
A
26) Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________. A) Addison's disease B) Graves' disease C) Cushing's disease D) goiter
A
44) Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone? A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C) luteinizing hormone (LH) D) prolactin E) oxytocin
A
45) Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle? A) estrogens and progesterone B) thymosin and melatonin C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone D) androgens and testosterone E) cholecystokinin and secretin
A
7) Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called ________. A) hormonal stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) neural stimulus D) receptor-mediated stimulus E) steroid stimulus
A
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 1) The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by ________. A) Label F B) Label J C) Label D D) Label A E) Label C
A
28) The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________. A) cortisone B) renin C) cortisol D) vasopressin E) angiotensin
B
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 7) The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ________. A) Label H B) Label E C) Label I D) Label F E) Label C
B
13) Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________. A) pineal gland B) anterior pituitary gland C) adrenal gland D) posterior pituitary gland E) thyroid gland
B
15) Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________. A) direct gene activation B) the second-messenger system C) steroid hormone action D) diffusion
B
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 11) The thymus is indicated by ________. A) Label E B) Label H C) Label F D) Label J E) Label A
C
20) The body's major metabolic hormone is called ________. A) prolactin B) growth hormone C) adrenaline D) thyroid hormone E) calcitonin
D
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 10) The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ________. A) Label I B) Label A C) Label D D) Label E E) Label J
C
17) The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ________. A) thymus B) pineal gland C) thyroid gland D) pituitary gland
D
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 5) The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by ________. A) Label B B) Label D C) Label J D) Label A E) Label C
A
40) Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females B) stimulate growth of facial hair C) stimulate menstruation D) help maintain pregnancy E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
B
5) Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis
B
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 6) The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________. A) Label D B) Label H C) Label B D) Label G E) Label F
B
32) A hormone called ________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle. A) thymosin B) cortisol C) melatonin D) aldosterone
C
34) The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is ________. A) estrogen B) cortisol C) testosterone D) prolactin
C
35) Which hormone works against glucagon? A) epinephrine B) aldosterone C) insulin D) cortisol E) glucocorticoids
C
36) Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus? A) polyuria B) polydipsia C) moon face D) polyphagia E) acidosis
C
4) Prostaglandins are ________. A) amino acid-based hormones B) steroid hormones C) lipid hormones manufactured in the plasma membranes of cells D) glycerol hormones E) target organs
C
42) Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes ________. A) are protein hormones B) are controlled by hormones produced by the adrenal cortex C) promote the formation of sex cells D) are produced in equal amounts in both males and females E) are secreted in response to posterior pituitary hormones
C
8) Tropic hormones ________. A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones C) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones D) stimulate nervous tissue E) stimulate prostaglandins
C
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 14) The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________. A) Label C B) Label F C) Label E D) Label B E) Label G
C
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 4) The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ________. A) Label J B) Label I C) Label G D) Label E E) Label F
C
29) Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________. A) insulin; glucagon B) glucagon; insulin C) cortisol; glucagon D) epinephrine; cortisol
A
35) Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ________. A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
39) The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) aldosterone D) progesterone E) thyroxine
A
41) Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone? A) maintenance of pregnancy B) deepening of the voice C) growth of facial hair D) sperm production E) development of heavy bones and muscles
A
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 12) The pancreas is indicated by ________. A) Label H B) Label E C) Label I D) Label A E) Label B
A
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 8) The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ________. A) Label C B) Label J C) Label E D) Label F E) Label I
A
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 9) The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ________. A) Label D B) Label F C) Label J D) Label I E) Label H
D
1) Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones? A) nervous system B) immune system C) endocrine system D) integumentary system E) muscular system
C
25) Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla? A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) cortisone D) glucocorticoids E) epinephrine
E
28) Catecholamines are released by the ________. A) pancreas B) thyroid gland C) adrenal cortex D) adrenal medulla
D
12) Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________. A) pituitary dwarfism B) Cushing's disease C) acromegaly D) myxedema E) gigantism
A
14) The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________. A) calcitonin and thyroid hormone B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH) D) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin E) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A
16) The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ________. A) hormonal B) humoral C) neural D) direct gene activation
A
11) The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________. A) luteinizing hormone (LH) B) prolactin C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) progesterone E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C
16) Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts? A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormone B) growth hormone and glucagon C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormone E) prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C
25) Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________. A) estrogens B) glucocorticoids C) androgens D) mineralocorticoids
C
27) Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the ________. A) pineal gland B) thymus C) parathyroid glands D) adrenal cortex E) posterior pituitary
C
30) Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as ________. A) diabetes insipidus B) hypoglycemia C) diabetes mellitus D) goiter
C
31) When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels. A) epinephrine B) glucagon C) insulin D) growth hormone
C
22) Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect? A) goiter B) pituitary dwarfism C) myxedema D) exophthalmos E) cretinism
E
29) Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) help resist long-term stress B) increase blood glucose levels C) decrease edema D) suppress inflammation E) regulate salt content of the blood
E
43) Testosterone can be categorized as a(n) ________ hormone. A) amine B) glycoprotein C) peptide D) protein E) steroid
E
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 13) The pineal gland is indicated by ________. A) Label H B) Label D C) Label F D) Label B E) Label A
E
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 2) The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________. A) Label C B) Label D C) Label J D) Label B E) Label A
E
15) Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure? A) oxytocin B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) growth hormone (GH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
B
27) Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________. A) Cushing's syndrome B) Graves' disease C) diabetes insipidus D) Addison's disease
A
19) Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, ________, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration. A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) aldosterone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) cortisol
A
2) Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone? A) oxytocin B) estrogen C) adrenocorticoids D) testosterone E) mineralocorticoids
A
24) A hormone produced by the heart, known as ________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure. A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) B) cortisol C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) glucagon
A
18) Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________. A) parathyroid hormone (PTH) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) glucagon D) oxytocin E) prolactin (PRL)
B
19) The thyroid gland is located ________. A) on top of the kidneys B) directly below the Adam's apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) within the parathyroid glands
B
21) Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland. A) follicle B) parafollicular C) beta D) alpha
B
23) Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland. A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) catecholamines
B
23) Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body? A) T3 and T4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) oxytocin and prolactin D) insulin and glucagon E) melatonin and glucocorticoids
B
26) Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________. A) reabsorb potassium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb calcium D) reabsorb iodine E) reabsorb hydrogen
B
3) Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells? A) plasma membrane permeability changes B) cellular mutations occur C) enzymes are activated or inactivated D) mitosis is stimulated E) proteins are synthesized in the cell
B
30) Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following does NOT match her signs or symptoms? A) bronze skin tone B) high blood pressure and edema C) weak muscles D) hypoglycemia E) inability to cope with stress
B
33) A hormone called ________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells. A) cortisol B) thymosin C) glucagon D) melatonin
B
33) Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called ________. A) alpha cells B) beta cells C) delta cells D) gamma cells E) theta cells
B
37) The pineal gland produces ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) estrogen D) insulin E) cortisol
B
38) The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) progesterone D) glucagon E) thyroxine
B
6) Most hormones are ________. A) regulated by a positive feedback mechanism B) classified as steroids C) released upon stimulation by other hormones D) controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients E) able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells
C
10) Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary? A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D
17) Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine? A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C) gonadotropic hormones D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D
18) The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the ________ gland. A) adrenal B) pineal C) pituitary D) thyroid
D
21) The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is ________. A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) iodine E) bromine
D
22) Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood. A) iron; magnesium B) calcium; phosphorus C) water; glucose D) sodium; potassium
D
24) Where is calcitonin made? A) hypothalamus B) parafollicular cells of the parathyroid gland C) anterior pituitary D) parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland E) follicular cells of the thyroid gland
D
31) The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________. A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) prolactin C) growth hormone (GH) D) epinephrine E) melatonin
D
32) Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release? A) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs C) increased heart rate D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood glucose levels
D
34) Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels? A) glucocorticoids B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D) insulin E) glucagon
D
9) Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland? A) thyrotropic hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) B) prolactin C) growth hormone (GH) D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D
Using Figure 9.1, identify the following: 3) The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________. A) Label I B) Label F C) Label E D) Label J E) Label A
D