Ch. 1: Introduction to Materials

What material can be used as a fiber or a particulate material in a composite?

Aramid

Define this material based on its properties: -Consists of both metallic and nonmetallic elements -Inorganic -May consist of crystalline materials, amorphous materials, or both -The elements in this materials are bonded to each other chemically

Ceramics

Materials are obtained from the Earths ____ and _____.

Crust; atmosphere

Comparing polymers with metals, what characteristics are superior in polymers?

Ductility (ability to deform plastically under force) Low density (ability to form lightweight parts) Manufacturability (ease of making complex parts from these materials) Energy absorption (ability to decay or absorb vibrations)

Comparing ceramics with metals, what characteristics are superior in metals?

Ductility (ability to deform plastically under force) Manufacturability (ease of making complex parts from these materials) Energy absorption (ability to decay or absorb vibrations) Electrical conductivity (ability to transport charge)

(True/False)Composite materials have a homogeneous structure (the environment looks exactly the same at each point inside the material).

False

What do fibrous composites consist of?

Fibers in a matrix

What characteristics of zirconia oxide make it suitable for use in orthopedic implants? (Hint: There's 3 characteristics)

High hardness; High chemical stability; High biocompatibility

The materials used for constructing Mars Explorer Rovers (MERs) should be _____ so that they can be transported to Mars with minimal fuel cost.

Lightweight

The branch of engineering that is mainly concerned with the use of fundamental and applied knowledge of material is called _____ _____.

Materials engineering

The branch of science that is primarily concerned with the search for basic knowledge about materials is called _____ _____.

Materials science

Define this material based on its properties: -Ferrous/nonferrous -Possess high density -Inorganic -Excellent conductors of heat -Excellent conductors of electricity -Have high stiffness (hard to stretch elastically) -Are mostly ductile (deform before fracture) at room temperature

Metal

The three fundamental classes of materials are _____, _____, and _____.

Metals; Polymers; Ceramics

What are the new family of ceramics?

Oxides; nitrides; carbides

Which characteristics of a material can have dimensions in the nanoscale? (Hint: There's 3 characteristics)

Particle diameter; layer thickness; grain size

Metal alloys that, once strained, revert to their original shape upon an increase in temperature above a critical transformation temperature are called ______ ______ alloys.

Shape memory

What are traditional ceramic material? (Hint: There's 2)

Tiles; Bricks

(True/False) Composite materials are a mixture of two or more materials (phases or constituents).

True

(True/False) In many applications, metals are being replaced by selected composite materials because the composite materials have a strength-to-weight ratio equal or higher than metals.

True

Ceramic powders are considered nano-materials if they have a(n) ______ _______ less than 100 nm.

aggregate size

The two processing or applicational classes of engineering materials are _____ and _____.

electronics; composites

What do most polymeric materials consist of?

long organic molecular chains

Materials that produce an electric field when exposed to mechanical forces are called _____ materials.

piezoelectric

The component of a smart material that detects a change in the environment is called the _____ component.

sensory