Ch. 11 The Cardiovascular system

What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles?

*chordae tendineae

Which of the following do/does not ultimately drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC)?

Basilic vein

The layer of the heart that actually contracts is the __________.

myocardium

The left atrium receives blood from the ________.

pulmonary veins

During fetal existence, the __________ connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the fetal lungs (which are nonfunctional).

ductus arteriosus

Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume?

aldosterone

Blood exits the left ventricle through which of the following blood vessels?

aorta

The walls of __________ are usually much thicker than the walls of __________.

arteries, veins

Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media?

artery

What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum?

atrioventricular (AV) bundle

At the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is __________ than osmotic pressure, and fluid flows __________ the capillary.

more; out of

A pulmonary embolism can be a direct result from which of the following conditions?

thrombophlebitis

Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?

tricuspid valve

Which of these will increase arterial blood pressure (BP)?

vasoconstriction of arteries

Exercise increases the demand for blood to supply active skeletal muscles. This increased demand is met by all EXCEPT which of the following? a) increased stroke volume b) increased venous return c) vasoconstriction of arteries to skeletal muscles d) increased heart rate

vasoconstriction of arteries to skeletal muscles

The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________.

*pulmonary circulation

Blood that nourishes the heart is provided by the right and left __________.

coronary arteries

Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood?

coronary arteries

The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.

*pacemaker

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?

*right pulmonary artery

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.

*superior vena cava

During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to fill their respective ventricles to prepare for systole. What is happening during this time?

1) Blood flows passively from veins through atria into ventricles. 2) Atrioventricular (AV) valves are open. (Semilunar valves are closed) 3) Atria contract to force the remaining blood into the ventricles.

Which of the following occurs when the pressure in the ventricles rises higher than the pressure in the atria?

Atrioventricular valves close.

What unique feature connects the anterior and posterior blood supplies of the brain, providing more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue in a given area?

Circle of Willis

Which of the following does NOT aid the return of venous blood to the heart from the lower extremities?

Gravity

The correct sequence of parts that function to carry cardiac impulses is __________.

SA Node-AV Node-Atrioventricular bundle-Purkinje fibers

Which of the following is a warning sign of an impending myocardial infarction? (heart attack)

angina pectoris

Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal?

atrioventricular (AV) node

When listening to the heart, the "lub" is the __________ valves snapping shut and the "dup" sound occurs when the __________ valves close at the end of systole.

atrioventricular, semilunar

Where is the hepatic portal vein located?

between the stomach, intestines, and the liver

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.

closure of heart valves

What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck?

common carotid artery

The internal iliac vein empties blood directly into the ________.

common iliac vein

By what pathway does oxygen leave capillaries to supply body tissues?

diffusion through capillary cell membranes

During ______, the ventricles relax.

early diastole

Pericarditis is most closely related to which of the following cardiac conditions?

inadequate amounts of serous fluid

The heart is located in the inferior __________ with its __________ pointed toward the left hip.

mediastinum, apex

During _____, the ventricles fill with blood.

mid-to-late diastole

When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed.

*contrac

What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system?

*heart rate increases

The large wave that results from the depolarization of the ventricles and precedes the contraction of the ventricles.

QRS complex

Which of the following is NOT true during ventricular systole?

Semilunar valves close.

Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed.

blood pressure; osmotic pressure

Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?

capillaries

The product of the stroke volume and the heart rate is known as the __________.

cardiac output

The __________ anchor the flaps of the valves to the walls of the ventricles.

chordate tendineae

What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?

left ventricle

The __________ side of the heart is the systemic circuit pump and the __________ side of the heart is the pulmonary circuit pump.

left; right

The umbilical vein carries/passes __________.

oxygen and foods from the placenta to the fetus

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.

peripheral resistance

What is the function of the heart valves?

prevents backflow of blood

The tiny mass of cells that forms the pacemaker of the heart is called the __________.

sinoatrial node

Which of these will decrease heart rate?

stimulation by vagus nerves

During _____, the ventricles contract.

systole

What term refers to the contraction of the heart?

systole

Events in the Cardiac Cycle

1) Blood flows passively through the atria and AV valves. {ventricle filling}{mid-to-late diastole} 2) Receiving chamber pressure increases; more blood exits through AV valves. {atrial contraction} {mid-to-late diastole} 3) All valves are closed; ventricle pressure increases. {isovolumetric contraction phase} {systole} 4) Blood is forced through the semilunar valves by high pressure. {ventricular ejection phase}{systole} 5) All valves are closed; ventricular pressure decreases. {isovolumetric relaxation} {early diastole}

Ventricular Systole

1) Intraventricular pressure begins to increase. 2) Atrioventricle (AV) valves close. 3) Isovolumetric contraction occurs. 4) Intraventricular pressure rises above arterial pressure. 5) Semilunar valves open. 6) Ventricular ejection occurs.

Which of the following would NOT lead to an increase in cardiac output?

A decrease in venous return

Regarding homeostatic relationships between the cardiovascular system and other body systems, which of the following picks up leaked fluid and plasma proteins and returns them to the cardiovascular system?

Lymphatic system

The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave.

P

The first wave on an ECG that follows the firing of the SA node. This wave is small and signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.

P wave

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygen-rich blood?

Pulmonary viens

Which of the following would NOT cause an increase in the heart rate?

Stimulation of the vagus nerve

The third wave that results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.

T wave

What portion of the ECG indicates ventricular repolarization?

T wave

Compared to an artery, the wall of a vein differs in which of the following ways?

The middle tunic is thin.

After ventricular contraction, the whole heart is briefly at rest and all the valves are closed. Which of the following statements best summarizes this early diastolic phase?

This is called isovolumetric relaxation and intraventricular pressure decreases.