CH 13 quiz
a component of drilling muds
Clay
Atmospheric pollution is the worst when
Coal is burned
The greatest cost of coal strip-mining is
Damages caused by subsidence
The reservoir now believed to contain the largest amount of carbon is
Gas Hydrates
used for jewelry and in the electronics industry
Gold
Within which country are the largest proven reserves of natural gas located?
Iraq
is the process by which coal is converted into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
Liquefaction
is the most common gaseous hydrocarbon in natural gas.
Methane
Fossil fuels include all of these
Oil, Coal, Tar Sand
used as a catalyst in automobile emissions-control systems
Platinum
An oil well "gusher" would be an example of
Primary Recovery
Aluminum ore deposits are
Residual Deposits
Within which country are the largest proven reserves of crude oil located?
Saudi Arabia
Waste materials left from processing mineral deposits are called
Tailings
are piles of crushed or ground waste rock produced as a by-product of mineral processing.
Tailings
used to galvanize steel cans and in the manufacture of brass
Zinc
is a soft, brown coal formed directly from peat.
anaerobic
Blood diamonds
are diamonds mined in war zone countries, like Sierra Leone, Africa, and sold to finance weapons.
The most heavily used metal is
iron
Aluminum is a widely used metal because it
is both strong and light
Diamonds are mined from a type of igneous rock called that occurs as pipelike intrusive bodies
kimberlite
The Concentration Factor
measures the relative enrichment of ore bodies
Of the following nonfuel minerals, the United States has significant reserves only of
molybdenum
Hydrothermal deposits are predominantly composed of what type of ore minerals?
sulfide
Petroleum accounts for about percent of the energy used in the United States.
40
Breeder reactors constitute what percentage of nuclear power plants in the United States?
0
Optimistic projections state that nuclear fission will supply about how much of the total energy used in the United States by the year 2020?
1/3
Using both primary and secondary petroleum recovery techniques, what proportion of the oil in an oil field is usually pumped out?
1/3
The 20 billion barrels of oil in Alaska's North Slope deposits would supply the United States for about
2 Years
Currently, the best experimental solarcells have an efficiency of about percent
30
Hydroelectric power provides about percent of the total energy needs of the United States.
4
In 1995, wind power accounted for what percentage of the electric generating capacity of the United States?
About 3
third most abundant element in the earth's crust
Aluminum
New enhanced oil recovery methods can extract more oil from a reservoir
And so expand oil reserves
fuels are those derived from living or recent organisms.
Biomass
Ocean thermal energy conversion is limited most by easy access to near-shore
Deep Cold Water
Most gasohol blends are from
Distilled Grains
. is the splitting apart of atomic nuclei into smaller nuclei.
Fission
Waste disposal is a problem with which energy resource?
Fission
Breeder reactors would provide a renewable supply of fuel for
Fission Power Plants
Which country relies most heavily upon nuclear power for its energy?
France
. is the joining of atomic nuclei to form larger ones and the releasing of energy in the process.
Fusion
is a fuel consisting of a blend of 90% gasoline and 10% alcohol
Gasohol
. energy is derived from the internal heat of the earth.
Geothermal
Which energy resource utilizes the Earth's internal heat?
Geothermal
. is a potential geothermal energy source where thermal gradients are at least 40oC/kilometer and where groundwater is lacking.
Hot dry rock
Geopressurized natural gas may be deep underground in
Hot salty ground water
is economically competitive with other methods of generating electricity. supplies about 6% of all energy consumed worldwide. does not pollute the water flowing through the generating equipment.
Hydroelectric
The fuel to be used by fusion reactors is
Hydrogen
Which one of the following is not an advantage of solar energy?
It is a widely dispersed resource.
Geothermal heat is a good energy source but
Limitted to specific sites
The gaseous fuel obtained from sanitary landfills is
Methane
Where are the greatest wind resources available in the U.S.?
North Central USA
Which is not in the top three sources of world energy production?
Nuclear Power
Manganese nodules form
On the deep sea floor
The accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant was caused by
Partial Loss Of coolant
Twenty miles per gallon is the average fuel consumption of a
Passenger Car
. , or solar cells, produce electricity directly from sunlight
Photovoltaic cell
A breeder reactor makes more of this fuel than it consumes.
Plutonium 239
In the United States, most uranium deposits are found in
Sandstone
In the U.S., the bulk of uranium deposits are found in
Sandstones
Expanded use of which energy resource would contribute least to global warming?
Solar
Maximum insolation occurs over the United States
Southwestern
Where are the solar energy resources available in the U.S.?
Southwestern USA
Currently, the greatest use of solar energy is for
Space Heating
Oil shale is currently extracted by
Strip Mining
The largest complex of geothermal power plants in the U.S. is found here
The Geysers near San Francisco, California
Which region of the United States has the greatest potential for the development of large-scale windmill arrays?
The Great Plains
Which of the following is not an advantage of geothermal power?
The useful life of a geothermal field is nearly endless
The fissionable isotope of uranium used in most nuclear power reactors is
Uranium 235
The biomass energy source that provides about one-third of Hawaii's electricity is
Waste sugar cane from processing plants
A geologic repository for storage of high-level nuclear waste is planned for this site
Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Which of the following alternative energy sources has the greatest potential for becoming a large-scale energy supply in the future?
binary geothermal
A is a reactor that produces more fissionable nuclear fuel than it consumes.
breeder reactor
Chromite forms
by crystal settling in a magma
A is a series of fission reactions occurring in a mass of fissionable material such as uranium-235.
chain reaction
Gasification and liquefaction techniques
convert coal to more versatile fuel
A is a nuclear reactor accident caused by the loss of core coolant and the resultant overheating of the core.
core meltdown
Some pegmatites are mined for gemstones such as
emerald
Oil spill clean-up experiments after the Exxon Valdez spill that were the most encouraging involved
fertilizer sprayed on the beaches
Commercially, the most valuable petroleum reservoirs (like aquifers) are
high in porosity and high in permeability.
Why do many environmentalist groups oppose hydropower development?
it destroys habitat and scenery
A major limitation of hydroelectric power is that
it is limited to the stationary nature of streams.
A fission nuclear reactor core meltdown
occurred at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania
Coal forms from
plants buried in sediment
The amount of energy potentially available from hydroelectric power is limited primarily by
the limited number of sites that have appropriate rivers
The main reason we presently do not utilize more solar energy in the U.S. is that
using solar would require a fundamental change in the energy industry
The major drawback to fusion power is
we cannot carry out a fusion reaction
An important reason that the U.S. is not generating much energy from nuclear fission is
we have no repository for high-level nuclear waste
Ninety-eight percent of the earth's crust is composed of only elements
8
Oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of
Fossil Fuels
are hydrocarbon energy sources formed from the remains of once-living organisms.
Fossil fuels anaerobic
is the process by which coal is converted into a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
Gasification
Coal subjected to overly high temperatures will metamorphose into
Graphite
Metamorphism of coal produces
Graphite
source of sodium and chlorine
Halite
are piles of waste rock produced by surface mining.
Spoil banks
The substance found in coal that contributes to acid rainfall is
Sulfur
are sedimentary rocks containing a viscous, tar-like petroleum
Tar sands
A is a sedimentary rock, consisting of alternating iron-rich and silica rich (or carbonate-rich) layers, that may qualify as an ore of iron.
banded iron formation
Hydrothermal deposits of ore minerals form
from hot water circulating through rocks
The bulk of our metallic mineral resources is associated with
igneous rocks
Recycling aluminum is beneficial because
less electricity is required to re-melt aluminum than refine it from ore
An is a rock in which a valuable or useful metal occurs at a concentration high enough to make it economically practical to mine
ore
Large feldspar crystals are abundant in what type of ore deposit?
pegmatite
Black smokers on the seafloor occur near
spreading ridges
Which of the following does not depend on our geologic understanding of magmatic mineral deposits?
the prediction of likely locations of future volcanic eruptions
Why might certain metals be considered renewable resources while others are nonrenewable?
the renewable metals are those which have been recycled
One barrel of oil is equal to how many gallons?
42
Which has the greatest world reserves (supply for the future)?
Aluminum
The most heavily used metal is
Iron
is a sedimentary rock containing the waxy hydrocarbon fuel called kerogen.
Oil shale
Coal that is high in sulfur often contains visible crystals of this mineral.
Quartz
used to make plaster, portland cement, and wallboard
Gypsum
Metallic mineral deposits that are worth mining are
Ores
Oil Spills
are increasingly underreported by news agencies
Coal supplies about percent of the energy used in the United States.
25
Natural gas supplies about percent of the energy used in the United States
25
Worldwide reserves for most metals are projected to last
A few decades
Any rain water having a pH less than 5.6 is
Acid Rain
Severe leaching of tropical lateritic soils has produced economically important ore deposits of
Aluminum
Which is the highest grade and most carbon-rich coal?
Anthracite
Which one of the following fuels would give off the most heat per given unit weight?
Anthracite
Lateritic weathering produces which ore deposit?
Bauxite
Which ore deposit yields aluminum?
Bauxite
is the most commonly mined source of aluminum
Bauxite
. is a name given to hydrothermal vents that emit dark clouds of suspended sulfide minerals.
Black smokers
Acid rain is caused primarily by
Burning high sulfur coal
The largest recoverable U.S. energy reserve is
Coal
Which energy resource will last longest?
Coal
Which produces the most carbon dioxide when it is burned?
Coal
primarily used for electrical applications
Copper
Rock salt and rock gypsum are what kind of mineral deposit?
Evaporate
Halite, gypsum, and phosphate are examples of minerals recovered from
Evaporate Deposits
The worst oil spill in United States waters was the
Exxon Valdez Spill
ore deposits are formed by warm fluids circulating in the earth's crust
Hydrothermal
The metal-rich muds at the bottom of the Red Sea were most likely formed as a result of
Hydrothermal Activity
As societies evolve from primitive to technological, the energy consumption associated with agriculture
Increases
The hydrocarbon fuel in oil shale is
Kerogen
Diamonds are found in
Kimberlites
used in batteries, solders, paints, and ceramics
Lead
The marine mineral resource having the greatest potential for exploitation in the near future is
Maganese Nodules
As heat and pressure act upon petroleum, it finally becomes
Natural Gas
Fossel Fuel?
Natural Gas
Geopressurized zones might one day become an important source of
Natural Gas
energy resources are those not being replenished or formed on a human time scale. The term describes processes that occur in the absence of oxygen.
Nonrenewable
, or petroleum, is not a single chemical compound, but a liquid mixture of various hydrocarbons.
Oil
The United States has about two-thirds of the world's known resources of
Oil Shale
Which source could yield large amounts of natural gas in the future?
Oil Shale
are ore deposits mechanically concentrated by the sorting action of moving water.
Placers
Gypsum is mined to yield this
Plaster of Paris (primarily for making wallboard)
is investigation by methods such as aerial photography and satellite imagery.
Remote sensing
Which mineral/rock resource is the most intensively used in the U.S.?
Sand and Gravel
The nation having the largest proven reserves of crude oil is
Saudi Arabia
Banded iron formation is what kind of mineral deposit?
Sedimentary
Fossil fuels are found in
Sedimentary Rocks
principal use is for photographic materials
Silver
The environmental disaster that has affected the town of Centralia, Pennsylvania was caused by
Underground coal mine fire
Oil and gas migrate out of their source rocks and
Upward to the surface