CH 131 Exam One
percentage composition
%element= (# of atoms x atomic weight of element)/(formula weight of compound) all multiplied by 100%
C to F
(C x 9/5) + 32
Alkali metals are known to form ions with a charge of____________.
+1
alpha particles
+2 charge and large mass
beta particles
-1 charge and small mass
for oxyanions they end in ___ and ____
-ate or -ite
when naming acids, if anion ends in -ide change it to ____ and add ____
-ic and add hydro-
when naming acids, anion ending in -ate is changed to
-ic with no prefix
when naming anions, -ine endings go to ___
-ide
when naming acids, anion ending in -ite changes to
-ous with no prefix
convert 750 mL to L
.750L
convert 400 nm to km
0.0000000004km
convert 7.3 meters to miles
0.00453miles
mL to L
1 L in 1000 mL
g to mL
1 g in 1 mL
cm to km
1 m in 100 cm, 1 km in 1000 m
Ba2+
Barium ion
C4H10
Butane
states that a sample of pure matter will have the same elemental composition, regardless of source.
Law of Constant Composition
Pb2+
Lead (II) ion
who taught that atoms were infinite in number, uncreated and eternal
Leucippus and Democritus
K+
Potassium ion
C3H8
Propane
Protons were discovered by
Rutherford
Ag+
Silver ion
Sr2+
Strontium ion
SO4 2- SO3 2-
Sulfate Sulfite
What is the name of the following acid? H2SO3
Sulfurous Acid
Zn2+
Zinc ion
When a molecule is formed from more than one type of element, it is called
a compound
If it is composed of more than one type of atom or molecule, it is
a mixture
What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
a molecule is made up of more than one atom of the same element and a compound is made up of more than one atoms of different elements
If a sample of matter is composed of only one type of atom or molecule, it is called
a pure substance
refers to the proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity.
accuracy
CH3COO-
acetate ion
formed by an anion and enough H+ ions to balance the anion's charge
acid
a compound which yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
acids
group 1a
alkali metals
group 2a
alkaline earth metals
Al(NO3)3
aluminum nitrate
NH4+
ammonium ion
addition of an electron to atom resulting in negatively charged ion
anion
Nonmetals generally form cations or anions?
anions
amu
atomic mass unit
atoms are defined by their
atomic number
Each element is composed of extremely small particles called
atoms
all matter is composed of
atoms
Br-
bromide ion
CO3 2-
carbonate ion
removal of an electron from atom resulting in positively charged ion
cation
metals generally form cations or anions?"
cations
Which of the following is a physical change: oxidation, changes of state, decomposition, combustion
changes of state
changes that result in new substances
chemical changes
concise representations of chemical reactions.
chemical equations
Can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance
chemical properties
toxicity, oxidation states, heat of combustion, chemical stability, flammability, coordination number, reactivity, possible chemical bonds, enthalpy of formation
chemical properties
the study of the properties and behavior of matter.
chemistry
ClO3-
chlorate ion
Cl-
chloride ion
CrO4 2-
chromate ion
Separation based on the difference in solubility in a solvent is called?
chromatography
reaction in which two or more substances react to form one product
combination
reaction that is generally a rapid reaction that produce a flame (CO2 and H2O), involve hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen in the air
combustion reactions
formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms.
compounds
a fraction, equal to 1, with the numerator and denominator expressed in different units
conversion factor
Which of the following is considered a chemical change: sublimation of dry ice, boiling water, cooking an egg, breaking glass
cooking an egg
CN-
cyanide ion
density formula
d= m/v
reaction in which one substance breaks down into two or more substances
decomposition
Cl2O
dichlorine monoxide
Cr2O7 2-
dichromate ion
accounts for the units when mathematical operations are performed on measured values.
dimensional analysis
N2O4
dinitrogen tetroxide
What is the name of the following compound? N2O4
dinitrogen tetroxide
Separation based on the boiling points of substance of a homogeneous mixture is called?
distillation
When an exact number is used in a calculation, significant figure rules _____ apply to that value
do not
subatomic particles w negative charge
eelectrons
octa
eight
the building blocks of all forms of matter
elements
Most matter is formed when
elements combine to form molecules
gives the relative number of each type of atom in a compound. It does not necessarily give the total number of each type of atom.
empirical formula
values that have no uncertainty
exact
Depend upon the amount of the substance present
extensive properties
volume, mass, length, weight, size
extensive properties
An intensive property depends on the amount of the substance present. true or false
false
Isotopes of an element have the same number of proton but a different number of electrons. true or false
false
Nonmetals are good conductors of heat. true or false
false
The separation of a solid substance from a liquid is called?
filtration
The Oil-Drop Experiment was used to
find the charge of the electron
penta
five
F-
fluoride ion
When to use Avogadro's number
formula units and moles
the sum of the atomic weights of its component atoms
formula weight
tetra
four
What state of matter has no defined volume and no defined shape?
gas
neither volume nor shape are fixed; sample takes on volume and shape of its container
gas
when to use molar mass
grams and moles
Columns on the Periodic Table are called
groups
granite rock, plant tissue, blood, wood
heterogenous
mixture that have regions of varying composition are
heterogenous
Mixtures that are uniform throughout are
homogenous
milk, air, gasoline, salt water
homogenous
A small amount of salt, completely dissolved in water is an example of a _____________
homogenous mixture
H-
hydride ion
H+
hydrogen ion
H3O+
hydronium ion
OH-
hydroxide ion
When will something float on water?
if it is less than the density of water (1.00g/mL)
___ refer to compounds that do not contain carbon
inorganic
what particles are inside the nucleus of an atom and what is outside
inside- protons and neutrons outside- electrons
Are independent of the amount of the substance that is present
intensive properties
boiling point, color, luster, hardness, temp
intensive properties
I-
iodide ion
an atom in which the number of protons and electrons are not equal
ion
In compounds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
ionic
___ compounds are generally combinations of metals and nonmetals.
ionic
atom formed by either adding or removing electrons from atom
ions
Add/Subtract w significant figures
keep fewest number of decimal places
Multiplication/Division w significant figures
keep fewest number of significant figures
the reactant present in the smallest stoichiometric amount
limiting reactant
has a fixed volume, but no fixed shape
liquid
how do you calculate average atomic mass?
mass x abundance + the next isotopes mass x abundance...
refers to anything that takes up space and has mass
matter
Calcium is a
metal
An ionic compound is normally formed from ________.
metal and nonmetal
between metals and nonmetals
metalloids
CH4
methane
Which of the following are considered a homogeneous mixture: milk, blood, wood, granite rock
milk
the mass of 1 mol of a substance (i.e., g/mol).
molar mass
In compounds, electrons are not transferred.
molecular
___ compounds are generally combinations of nonmetals only.
molecular
provides the type and number of atoms in a given molecule. The atom is represented by its atomic symbol, the number of atoms by a subscript after the symbol
molecular formula
Atoms can combine together to form
molecules
subatomic particles w no charge
neutrons
NO3-
nitrate ion
N3-
nitride ion
NF3
nitrogen trifluoride
gamma particles
no charge and no mass
Group 18 or 8A is known as _____________.
noble gases
group 8a
noble gases
formula weight
number of molecule x amu (mass) of molecule + the next
What information does the atomic number give us?
number of protons
mass number
number of protons + neutrons of atom
mono
one
O2-
oxide ion
theoretical yield
percent yield= (actual yield/ theoretical yield) x 100%
refers to the weight percent of each element in a compound.
percentage composition
ClO4-
perchlorate ion
Rows of the Period Table are called
periods
MnO4-
permanganate ion
O2 2-
peroxide ion
PO4 3-
phosphate ion
These are changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance
physical changes
Can be observed without changing a substance into another substance
physical properties
see, hear, feel, touch, smell, measure
physical properties
refers to the proximity of several measurements to each other
precision
what appears on the right side of the equation
products
characteristic that allows us to distinguish a type of matter from other matter.
property
subatomic particles w positive charge
protons
What is found in an atom?
protons, neutrons, electrons
atomic number is the number of ___ in the atom
prtons
Some atoms were found to spontaneously emit high energy radiation called
radioactivity
what appears on the left side of the equation
reactants
particles w sam charge attract or repel each other
repel
hexa
six
Which of the following is an extensive property: color, hardness, size, luster
size
When a cation is formed from an atom the radius of the resulting ion is ____________,
smaller than original atom
NaCl
sodium chloride
Na+
sodium ion
has a fixed shape and volume.
solid
is the quantitative analysis of a chemical reaction.
stoichiometry
What interaction holds the nucleons in an atom's nucleus together?
strong nuclear force
difference in subscripts and coefficients
subscripts tell the number of atoms of each element of molecules coefficients tell the number of molecules
SO4 2-
sulfate ion
SO4^2-
sulfate ion
S2-
sulfide ion
deca
ten
P4S10
tetraphosphorus decasulfide
per- is used on
the anion with one more oxygen than the anion ending in -ate
The Cathode Ray Experiment discovered
the charge to mass ratio of the electron
The mass number of an elements tells us _______________.
the number of protons and neutrons in the atom
hypo- is used on
the one with one less oxygen than the ion ending in -ite
tri
three
Mercury is a
transition metal
on the periodic table, groups 3 to 12
transition metals
di
two
A molecular compound is normally formed from __________.
two nonmetals
atomic theory of matter
•Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. •All atoms of a given element are identical to each other, and different from those of a different element. •Atoms are neither created or destroyed in chemical reactions •Compounds are formed when more than one type of atom combine.
example of chemical changes
◦Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.
Count the number of significant figures in the value 0.2070
4
The largest of the Great Lakes is Lake Superior, which has a volume of 12,230 km3. What is the volume in liters?
1.223x 10^16
Please do the following calculation. Please answer in correct significant figures. (2.78 x 4.0)/7.20 =
1.5
Please do the following calculation. Please answer in correct significant figures. 2.300 + 7.78 + 0.0009 =
10.08
cm to m
100 cm in 1 m
deci- d
10^-1
pico
10^-12
femto
10^-15
centi- c
10^-2
milli- m
10^-3
micro
10^-6
nano
10^-9
kilo- k
10^3
mega- M
10^6
giga- G
10^9
According to our lecture how many elements are currently known?
118
The Toyota Prius has a gas mileage of 51 miles per gallon. What would it be in km/L? Please answer in correct significant figures?
2.5 km/L
cm to in
2.54 cm in 1 inch
convert 78.9 degrees fahrenheit to degrees celsius
26.1
There are two stable isotopes, 35Cl (75.77%) and 37Cl (24.23%), giving chlorine a standard atomic weight of
35.45
F to C
5/9 (F - 32)
ft to mile
5280 ft in 1 mile
Avogadro's number
6.02 x 10^23
hepta
7
nona
9
What is the chemical formula for Aluminum Carbonate?
Al2(CO3)3
Al3+
Aluminum ion
What is the name of the following compound? NH4Cl
Ammonium Chloride
The theory that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter reemerged in the early nineteenth century, championed by John Dalton
Atomic Theory of Matter
C to K
C + 273
What is the chemical formula for Calcium Nitrate?
Ca(NO3)2
Cd2+
Cadmium ion
Ca2+
Calcium ion
Cs+
Cesium ion
group 6a
Chalcogens
example of physical changes
Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc
Cr3+
Chromium (III) ion
Co2+
Cobalt (II) ion
Cu+
Copper (I) ion
Cu2+
Copper (II) ion
C2H6
Ethane
group 7a
Halogens
A carbon chain with 6 carbons is known as __________.
Hexane
What is the name of the following compound?
Iron (II) Carbonate
FeCl2
Iron (II) Chloride
Fe2+
Iron (II) ion
FeCl3
Iron (III) Chloride
Fe3+
Iron (III) ion
Neutrons were discovered by
James Chadwick
Li+
Lithium ion
Mg2+
Magnesium ion
Mn2+
Manganese (II) ion
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
Hg2 2+
Mercury (I) ion
Hg2+
Mercury (II) ion
What is the chemical formula for Sodium Phosphate?
Na3PO4
Ni2+
Nickel (II) ion
NO3- NO2-
Nitrate Nitrite
Sn2+
Tin (II) ion
